Buddhism

Buddhism – critical concepts

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1:224-243 – 14. Charles S. Prebish : "A review of scholarship on the Buddhist Councils".

p.	#	*location*	*sectarian schism*	*dynasty*
231-7	1st	Vais`ali	--	?
237-40	2nd	Pat.ali-putra	Maha-sanghika vs. Sthavira-vada	Nanda
240-1	3rd	"	Sarva-asti-Vadda vs. Vibhajya-vada	Maurya

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1:244-256 – 15. Charles S. Prebish : "Theories concerning the Skandhaka".

p. 247 historical sequence of denominations (sects), their locations , and founders

#	*founder*	*location*	*sect*
1st	Madhyantika	Gandhara	Sarva-asti-vada
2nd	Maha-deva	Mahis.a	Mahis`asaka
3rd
4th	Yonaka Dharma-raks.ita	Aparantaka	Dharma-guptaka
5th
6th	Maha-raks.ita	Yonaka	Dharma-guptaka
7th	Kas`yapa-gotra; Madhyima; Dundubhi-ssara	Himavanta	Haimavata; Kas`yapiya
8th
9th	Mahinda et al.	Lanka	Sthavira-vada

p. 251 biographies of Buddha by denominations (according to the Fo-pe^n-hsin-c^i-c^in – Taisho 190, cap. 60, p. 932a16-21)

#	*text title*	*sect*
1st	Maha-vastu	Maha-sanghika
2nd	Maha-lalita-vistara	Sarva-asti-vadin
3rd	Buddha-jataka-nidana	Kas`yapiya
4th	S`akya-muni-Buddha-Carita	Dharma-guptaka
5th	Vinaya-Pit.aka-mula	Mahis`asaka

p. 253 the 5 monks of Buddha’s earliest community

Ajn~ata-kaun.d.inya

As`va-jit

Vas.pa

Maha-naman

Bhadrika

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2:52-83 – 21. L. S. Cousins : "The ‘five points’."

pp. 62-63 activities of Mara

p.	*activity*
62	"divinities of the Mara class (Marakayika devata) bring out ... emission of seminal impurity. ... Of course it is suggested that a dream occurred."
63	"Then it [Kathavatthu] seeks to establish the origin of the seminal fluid produced by deities of the Mara class. ... The question is then askedwhy these deities do this, *and we learn that it is in order to produce doubt (vimati)."*

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2:84-101 – 22. L. S. Cousins : "Person and self".

p. 84 the 2 vinaya-s & 3 philosophies

"the major vinaya traditions

(Mahasanghika and Sthaviravada/Theravada)

and the three major schools of thought ...

(Vibhajyavada/Vibhajjavada, Sarvastivada and Pudgalavada)."

p. 86 founder of Pudgala-vada

"the teachings concerning pudgala of a school named by Vasubandhu as the Vatsipurtiyas ... founded by an elder named Vatsiputra"

this Vatsiputra is believed to be Gotiputa [Gotri-putra]’s disciple the Vachiputa named in inscriptions from stupa-s [of the Maurya; suggesting that Pudgala-vada was then deemed tolearably orthodox]

p. 87 the pudgala fire-simile

pudgala & skandha-s (‘aggregates’) :"To illustrate this they give the example of the relationship between fire and fuel." {for, at least, other schools of philosophy, nirvan.a is the extinction of this fire}

p. 99, n. 12 Pudgala-vada fraternities

3, namely : Sammitiya; Dhammuttariya; Bhadra-ayan.iya

"Avantaka and Kaurukullaka/Kurukula are names for two (of one) of these"

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2:102-135 – 23. Rupert Gethin : "Cosmology and meditation".

p. 106 armies of Mara

#	*army*
1st	sensual desire
2nd	discontent
3rd	hunger & thirst
4th	craving
5th	tiredness & sleepiness
6th	fear
7th	doubt
8th	deceit & obstinacy

[p. 129, n. 25 overlapping of names of armies of Mara with the 5 hindrances]

p. 106 daughters of Mara

Craving

Discontent

Lust

p. 107 Aupanis.adic categories

adhi-daivatam "with reference to the deities"

adhi-atmam "with reference to the self"

pp. 112-113 persons reborn in other world-systems at the time of destruction of lower levels

p.	*authority*	*world-systems*
112	"Dhammapala, in his subcommentary on the texts by Buddhaghosa, adds :	"... "or in world-systems other than those in the process of contracting" is the alternative to be understood.."
113	*"in chapter 3 of the Kos`a, Vasubandhu writes :*	"At that time any being who still has karma that must be experienced ... is thrown into ... another world-system [that is not contracting]."
	*the Triphum* of Phya Lithai**	"beings may be reborn in ... world-systems that are not contracting."

p. 115 imperfections in the dhyana-s (according to the Abhi-dharma-Kos`a)

*# of dhyana*	*imperfection*	*simile*
1st	thinking	fire burning through the mind
2nd	joy	water softening with tranquillity
3rd	breaths	winds
4th	[none]	"returning to a state experienced long ago ... a kind of Platonic recollection of something long forgotten, something one does not remember one knows."

pp. 117-118 Buddhahood is attained only in A-kanis.t.ha

p.	*attainment*
117	S`anta-raks.ita in the Tattva-sangraha explaineth as follows : "3550. In the lovely city of Akanis.t.ha ... – there the Buddhas awaken; but here [in this world] creations awaken."
118	Kamala-s`ila ensueth to comment : "There are gods called the Akanas.t.has; ... Among them is the highest place called the Palace of the Great Lord, and there only Bodhisattvas in there last existence who are established in the tenth bhumi are born, while here [in this world] ... their creations gain knowledge. Such is the tradition."
	the Lanka-avatara Sutra ("Sagathaka", v. 774) similarly stateth that beings become Buddha-s in the Pure Abodes "among the Akanis.t.has of the form-realm" while their creations awaken in this world.
120	according to the ‘Fundamentals of the Buddhist Tantra-s’ by mKhas-grub-rje :- from the 4^th dhyana "They [deities] guided him to the Akanist.ha heaven. Moreover, while his maturation body (vipaka-kaya) stayed on the bank of the same Nairan~jana River, the mental body (manomaya-kaya) of the Bodhisattva Sarvarthasiddha proceded to the Akanis.t.ha heaven. ... After completing the five Abhisam.bodhi, he became a Manifest Complete Buddha as Mahavairocana, the Sam.bhoga-kaya."

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2:199-228 -- 28. Jan Nattier & Charles S. Prebish : "Mahasamghika origins".

p. 217 doctrinal theses

1st	"to say 'suffering' can help"
2nd	"suffering leads to the Way"
3rd	"to say 'O! suffering' causes one to know suffering"
4th	"there is a vocal utterance by one who has entered into possession of the Way"
5th	*"there is vocal utterance in samadhi"*
6th	*"one enters in samadhi* by seeing the suffering of the conditioned [dharmas]"**
7th	"suffering is a food"
8th	"there are three truths : suffering, ordinary (truth), and noble (truth)"
9th	"suffering is an absolute reality"
10th	*"suffering is parinis.panna"*
11th	"all conditioned [dharmas] are suffering"
12th	*"the teaching of suffering is lokottara"*

p. 218 the 12 doctrines by sub-sects of the Maha-sangha

*sub-sect*	*doctrines*
Maha-sangha (as a whole)	1, 2, 4, 5, 7
Andhaka	3
Purva-s`aila	4, 5, 7
Cetiya	5
Apara-s`aila	5
Uttara-s`aila	9 (some), 10 (some)
Bahu-s`rutiya	5, 6, 8, 12
Prajn~apti-vada	9, 11

p. 218 Maha-deva was founder of some particular group of southern sub-sects of the Maha-sangha (rather than of the Maha-sangha as a whole)

p. 222 S`aiks.a-dharma-s ("rules of comportment")

*sect*	*# of S`aiks.a-dharma-s*
Maha-sanghika (Chinese)	66
" (Samskr.ta)	67
Sthavira	75
Kas`yapiya	96
Dharma-guptaka	100
Mahis`asaka	100
Mula-sarva-asti-vadin (Chinese)	98
" (Bodish)	108
" (Samskr.ta)	108
Sarva-asti-vadin (Chinese)	113
" Samskr.ta	113
Maha-vyutpatti	105

p. 223 "The S`ariputraparipr.ccha-sutra has informed us that the cause of the schism was the Vinaya expansion" by the Sthavira-s

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2:229-241 – 29. Frank E. Reynolds : "The several bodies of the Buddha : Theravada".

tri-kaya according to the Pali Nikaya-s

p.	*-kaya*	*allocation*
231	rupa	"to the reliquary stupas"
232	manas	"able to visit the various heavenly realms where the Brahma deities live." [in trance / dream]
	dharma	*(Dirgha Nikaya) "he who seeth me ... , he seeth the dhamma." {cf. "He who seeth me, seeth the Father."} {this may be an allusion to seeing the light of the Transfiguration.}*

p. 232 (Samyukta Nikaya 3:120) "monks can call themselves sons of the Buddha ... who are born from the dhamma, who are transformed by the dhamma, who are inheritors of the dhamma". {cf. "joint-heirs with Christ" (Romans 8:17)}

catur-kaya according to the Sat-dharma-Ratnakaraya

p.	*__-kaya*	*description*
233	rupa	4 postures :-	walking
			standing
			sitting
			reclining
234	dharma	4 types of analytical knowledge
	nimitta	8 supraworldly stages of the path
	s`unya	devoid of all shapes, devoid of color, invisible

p. 238 correlation of meditation-stages with parts of the body

"change of lineage"	the nose
dhyana	the forehead
omniscience	the skull
nirvana	the hair

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CRITICAL CONCEPTS IN RELIGIOUS STUDIES. Paul Williams (ed.): Buddhism. Routledge, London, 2005.

Vol. I = "Buddhist Origins".

Vol. II = "The Early Buddhist Schools".