Daoist Big-Dipper constellation lore

including Chinese purportedly Bauddha (but originally Daoist) scriptures

abbreviations :- D[ao]-z[an], P[elliot], S[tein], B[ei-jin], T[ais^o]

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pp. 29-34 San-c^u Jin (‘3-Kitchens Sutra’) = Dun-Huan MSs S. 2673 & S. 2680 (T. 2894)

p. 30 no. of times repetition of gatha-s

gatha of __

# of *

benefit

wood

90

long life

fire

30

not suffer from heat

earth

120

not experience hunger

metal

70

not suffer from cold

water

50

not suffer from thirst

p. 31 results of silent recitation of gatha during yin double-hour (3 to 5 a.m.)

after __ days

result

3

decrease of physical energy

7

regain of physical energy

100

"mundane dishes of great refinement appear in each dream ... . Celestial perfumes become manifest."

300

"one will no longer ... hunger or thirst."

p. 32 "By reciting the gatha 360 times, one will be hungry no more."

pp. 32-33 meditative practices

p.

practice

32

"one recites the Method twenty-one times. ...

For a period of seven days, one must not speak with anyone.

... he may ... eat jujubes ... . ...

33

At dawn, one turns to the chen ... direction (southeast ...).

Gong of the earth, drum of the sky!

After fourteen days, one is nourished by the broth of jade (yujiang ...). ...

If one recites them ["names of these deities"] without halt for one hundred days, one will not be hungry.

p. 33 results for #s of signs

#

signs

result

4

wu, ji

"the entrails are firm and cold."

4 (acc. to P. 3032)

ren-gui

"there is no longer any need to eat."

6

jia, din (acc. to P. 3032)

"the great granary is full."

5

gen, xin

"the five viscera are pure."

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p. 69 (Dun-Huan MS P. 2055)

the 10 sutra-s for the traditional litourgy for the salvation of the dead : 7 for 7 7-day feasts over 49 days; + 3 for 3 subsequent memorial services

occasion (after death)

Sutra __

1st week

on Impermanence

2nd week

on the Water-Moon Guan-yin

3rd week

for the Conjuration of Bewitchments

4th week

on the Quaestions Asked by a Deity

5th week

of King Yama

6th week

for Protecting All Children

7th week

Heart of Prajn~a-paramita

100th day

of the Yu-lan Bowls

1st anniversary

on the Buddha’s Mother

3rd anniversary

on Good and Evil Causes and Results

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pp. 70-76 So-s^uo Z^ou-mei Jin (‘Bewitchments-Conjuration Sutra’) = Dun-Huan MSs S. 2088 & B. 8265

p.

text

71

during the epoch of Kon-wan (Dharma-gahana-abhi-udgata-raja, king immateriality – fn. 53), an old woman burned, at the entrance to a "wild fox’s den" (fn. 55), animal-fat in the middle of the night. "She thus constrained ...

["the god of the tree" (according to S. 3852 – fn. 57)],

the General of the River (Hebo jiangjun ...), and

the god of the Five Ways (Wudao shen ...)."

72

"May the three beams and six pillars turn back ...!

May evil and calamity ... flee 3,610 li away ...!

 

I invite the divine kings of the __ Emperor

of the __

to come and devour the sorceresss’s __."

 

Green

east

belly

 

Red

south

feet

 

White

west

head

 

Black

north

eyes

 

Yellow

center

hands

73

I invite hither the bull-headed hell-god A-ban [= Abo (fn. 75)];

 

I call hither the bodhi-sattva-s :

name in Dun-Huan MS

variant name in Nantsu-dera edn.

Pu-xian (‘Universal Virtue’ = Samanta-bhadra),

 

Gen-min (‘Changing Brightness’),

 

Da-z^i (‘Great Knowledge’),

 

74

Xian-guan (‘Delicate Light’),

Men-guan

Da-guan (‘Great Light’),

(fn. 78) Huo-guan

Hua-guan (‘Variegated Light’),

 

Yue-guan (‘Moon Light’),

 

Lon-guan (‘Dragon Light’),

 

Min-xin (‘planet Venus’),

(fn. 79) Min-huan (‘Bright Sovereign’)

Qian-yan (‘1000 Yan’),

 

Yon-li (‘Valiant Force’),

 

Pu-min (‘Universal Light’ = Samanta-prabha),

 

Da-min (’Great Brightness’),

 

Z^uan-lun (Cakra-vartin),

 

Ton-guan (‘Uniform Light’),

 

Ri-z^on (‘Midday’),

 

S^u-wan (‘Tree-King’),

 

Lon-tian (‘Dragon Caelestial’),

 

Di-don (‘Earthquake’), and

 

Jian-li (‘Established’).

(fn. 80) Jian-yun (‘Established Cloud’)

 

"May the __

of the __

come to devour the sorceresses’s __!"

 

giant beasts

east

bodies

 

millipedes and centipedes

south

eyes

 

white elephants

west

heads

 

black birds

north

hearts

 

dragon-kings

center

bodies

75

"All the Buddhas of the Ten Directions and

the Seven Buddhas of the Past,

the Sixteen Princely Buddhas ...

are gathered together under the Dragon-Flower Tree [Naga-pus.pa – fn. 88] on the summit of Mount Sumeru."

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pp. 77-79 Jie-c^u Z^ou-zu Yan-mei Jin (‘Maledictions’ [&] Bewitchments’ Unbinding Scripture’) = Dun-Huan MS S. 2081, to be recited by (p. 77) a San-don dao-s^i (‘Daoist of the Three Grottoes’)

p. 78 divine armies

Emperors of the 5 Directions with their 9,000,000 horsemen (cavalry)

San-wu Jian-jun (‘3 [&] 5 Generals’), Ba-fen S^i-z^e (’8 Winds Emissaries’), and Jiu-z^ou S^e (‘9 Regions Vassallords’), at head of 10,000 generals

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p. 95 Z^u-bin Yuan-hou Lun (‘Illnesses’ Origin [&] Symptoms Treatise’), cap. 25

nosological malefactions

ailment

aitiology

gu poisons

serpent, frog, lizard, or beetle

ye-dao (‘savage paths’)

"masterless gu"

mao-gui (‘cat-daimones’)

sorcerer

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p. 102

ideal length of life

scriptural source

lifespan

Tai-pin Jin (‘Great Peace Book’)

120 years

Tai-s^an Don-xuan Lin-bao Ye-bao Yin-yuan Jin (Dz 336) 8/4b

43,200 days

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pp. 109-111, 115, 121, 126-127 1st Yi-suan Jin (Tai-s^an Lao-jun S^uo C^an-s^en Yi-suan Miao-jin ‘Most-High Lao-Lord’s Revelation Prolonging-Life [&] Increasing-the-Account’ = Dz 650) [differing from 2nd Yi-suan Jin (Tai-s^an Lao-jun S^uo Yi-suan S^en-fu Miao-jin ‘Most-High Lao-Lord’s Revelation Increasing-the-Account Divine-Talismans Marvelous-Scripture’ = Dz 672); whereas the 3rd Yi-suan Jin (Tai-s^an S^en-z^ou Yan-s^ou Miao-jin ‘Most-High Divine-Incantations Life-Prolonging Marvelous-Scripture’ = Dz 358) is merely (p. 108, fn. 27) an abridgement of the 1st Yi-suan Jin]

pp. 110-111 #s of units of life-supplement to be acquired

p.

life-supplement

110

2,999 units, through 12,700 protective deities

111

9,000,000,000 units, by Da-dao S^en-fu (‘Great Dao Divine Talismans’)

p. 110 [also p. 122] domains controlled by stars of the Northern Dipper

star

domain

1st

bad energies

2nd

ghosts

3rd

daimones

4th

bad dreams

5th

maledictions

6th

administrative altercations

7th

bankruptcy

8th

persons’ destiny

9th

daimonic spirits

p. 115 (Dz 650.1b-2a) military generals of the 6 jia, their #s of officers, and benefits accords by them to one’s self

jia-__

General __

officers

benefits

zi

Wan Wen-qin

149

perfection, serenity

xu

Z^an Zi-jian

135

expelling affliction

s^en

Hu Wen-z^an

131

"return" one’s hun & po

wu

Wei S^an-qin

139

longevity of 120 years

c^en

Men Fei-qin

135

sparing all adversity

yin

Min Wen-z^an

131

intercepting all daimones

p. 116 Tao Hon-jin (456-536 Chr.E.) in his Z^en-gao (‘Perfecteds’ Declarations’) made allusions to "talismans of the six jia of the mobile Kitchens". "But the transcendent Six jia prized by the Shangqing adepts were female deities, "jade maidens (yunu: ...)". {were these 6 jade maidens brides of the 6 jia generals?}

p. 121 the 5 stars, apotropaic against what they are named for [these 5 stars "incorporate the virtues conferred upon them by the Generals of the Five Peaks" (p. 12]

Yuan-xin ‘star of hate’

Lian-xin ‘star of goodness’

Bi-xin ‘star of punishment’

Yin-huo ‘planet Mars’

Wei-xin ‘star of peril’

p. 123 functions of 5 fu (‘talismans’) "connected most likely to the Five Stars"

1st

"to open the heart"

2nd

"to increase the life-account"

3rd

"to protect life"

4th

"to regulate the Five Phases"

5th

"[against] the murderous Aji demons and decrepitude"

pp. 126-127 (Bauddha variant is T. 2904) the 10 species of gui (‘daimones’) to be suppressed by talismans

p.

#

species of daimones

126

1st

"that travel in the light" (Bauddha : "that travel in the sky")

 

2nd

"of mountains and forests"

 

3rd

"of the five regions"

 

4th

"of the chthonic breaths"

 

5th

"of deceased foreigners"

 

6th

"of those dead in prison"

 

7th

"of innnocent [victims]"

 

8th

"induced by evil spells"

127

9th

"male and female" (Bauddha : "of the past or recent dead, male and female, for three generations"

 

10th

"of putrid cadavers"

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pp. 139-140 Bei-dou Jin (‘Great Dipper Sutra’) (T. 1307) [derived from Tai-s^an Xuan-lin Bei-dou Ben-min Yan-s^en Z^en-jin (‘Mysterious-Power Great-Dipper Guiding-Destiny Promoting-Life Supreme-Scripture’) (Dz 622)]

p.

#

star

1st branch

2nd branch

cereal as wages

139-40

1st

(139) Tan-lan (‘Greedy Wolf)

1st zi

(none)

(140) millet

140

2nd

Ju-men (‘Great Gate’)

2nd c^ou

12th hai

millet

 

3rd

Lu-cun (‘Persistent Happiness’)

3rd yin

11th xu

rice

 

4th

Wen-qu (‘Civil Song’)

4th mao

10th you

pease

 

5th

Lian-z^en (‘Pure Virtue’)

5th c^en

9th s^en

hemp-seed

 

6th

Wu-qu (‘Military Song’)

6th si

8th wei

soy

 

7th

Po-jun (‘Destroyer of Armies’)

7th wu

(none)

pease

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pp. 147, 143

life-expectancies dependent on (& cereals for) the stars of Bei-dou

p.

147, fn. 39

143

source

Dun-huan MS P. 2675

Lu-min S^u (‘Wages [&] Fate Book’), as quoted by Yi-xin in Fan-tian Huo-lu Jiu-yao (T. 1311)

star

life-expectancy, reckoned in years

cereal, reckoned in s^en

7th

95

80

1

6th

87

85

1

5th

83

80

1

4th

95

90

4

3rd

85

80

5

2nd

--

80

8

1st

--

65

2

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p. 158 Bei-dou Qi-yuan Jin-xuan Yu-z^an (‘Northern-Dipper 7-Principles Golden-Mystery Winged-Stanzas’) (Dz 753)

cereal & tree (growing on mt. Tai) of each star

#

star

tree

cereal

1st

Tan-lan

pine, cypress

millet

2nd

Ju-men

pine

rye

3rd

Lu-cun

cypress

rice

4th

Wen-qu

cypress

wheat

5th

Lian-z^en

pine

hemp-seed

6th

Wu-qu

mulberry

soybean

7th

Po-jun

pine

pease

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pp. 162 Bei-di Qi-yuan Zi-tin Yan-s^en Bi-jue (‘Northern-Emperor Purple-Court 7-Principles Secret-Instructions’) (Dz 1265) putatively revealed 239 Chr.E. by Most High Lord Lao to Ge Xian-wen (Ge Xuan) 2b; Yun-ji Qi-qian 25.2/25a

years’ prolongation of longevity for those who glimpse the "minor stars" of the Dipper

#

star

longevity

8th

Fu-xin

300

9th

Bi-xin

600

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p. 163 S^an-qin Jin-s^u Yu-tzi S^an-jin (‘S^an-qin Golden Scripture [in] Jade Characters’) (Dz 879)

bodily posture that must be adopted by practitioner while reclining on diagram of Great Dipper constellation designed on mat

body-part

on __ star

head

3rd

feet

8th (Fu-xin) & 9th Bi-xin)

left hand

2nd

right hand

4th

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pp. 180-183 Tai-yi Jiu-ku Hu-s^en Miao-jin (‘Great-Unity Saviour-from-Suffering Marvellous-Scripture’) (Dz 351)

p.

text

180

in Jiu-se Yu-tan (‘9-Colored Jade-Hall’) of

Xuan-jin (‘Mysterious Light’) Palace, in

Tai-wei Tian (‘Pure Subtlety Heaven’),

Yuan-s^i Tian-zun (‘Primordial Commencement Heavenly Venerable’), seated on his throne of 7 jewels, revealeth this scripture to

181

a divine audience comprising :

S^i-fan Tian-zun (’10 Directions Heavenly Venerables’),

Dao-jun (‘Dao-Lord’), ...

Yuan-jun (‘Origin-Lords’).

 

Yuan-s^i Tian-zun announceth that to the east, in Don-fan Z^an-le S^i-jie (World of Great Happiness), dwelleth Da Ci-ren Z^e (‘Great Benevolent’) Tai-yi Jiu-ku Tian-zun (‘Great Unity Saviour-from-Suffering Heavenly-Venerable’).

 

Jiu-ku Tian-zun "now appears on the front stage, facing the audience. He is a boy (tongzi ...) walking on lotus flowers. His mercy is manifest : ... he sobs until his costume is wet with tears. ...

The divine assembly then sees the young man changing successively into four figures who, one after another, rise into the sky. Each of them is haloed with a bright light ..., and each is accompanied by a pair of nine-headed lions."

 

#

apparitional transformation

holding __

 

1st

a Heavenly Venerable

willow-branch & bottle of water

 

2nd

a di-jun (emperor-lord)

ru-yi (‘sceptre’)

 

3rd

a Perfected

s^en-guan (‘divine light’) penetrating the 9 levels of the sky & the 9 layers of the earth

 

4th

a barefoot woman with loose hair, wearing a fire-colored brocade costume

golden sword

182

appellations for Jiu-ku Tian-zun depending on his locality

 

locality

he is designated __

 

heaven

Tai-yi Fu-s^en (‘Great-Unity happiness-Deity’)

 

earth

Great Benevolent

 

di-yu (‘hell’)

Ri-z^ao Di-jun (‘Solar Brightness Emperor-Lord’)

 

haeretics’ realm

S^i-zi Min-wan (‘Lion-King’)

 

water-office

Don-yuan Di-jun (Abyss Emperor-Lord’)

 

"original form"

Jiu-yan Z^i Jin (‘9-Yan Essence’)

 

13 "perilous situations from which any individual can be saved by requesting Jiuku tianzun’s intervention" :-

"Those suffering from disease";

"Officials whose careers have been compromised";

"Travelers on rivers or at sea, who fear swells";

"Those who are terrorized by thunder, wind, or rain";

"Those in conflict with their ... masters";

"Sovereigns ... whose ... ministers are conspirators";

"Victims of ... brigand demons (guizei ...)";

"Those who ... become prey to parasites, snakes, and wild beasts";

"Women who endure difficult delivery";

183

"Men and women ... who aspire to the Way";

"Prisoners who suffer unspeakably";

"Those whose ancestors ... are condemned to the cold hells";

"Those who are in bondage to an enemy family".

pp. 189-195 nature of Xun-s^en Jiu-ku

p.

nature

189

Xun-s^en Jiu-ku Tian-zun "Heavenly Venerable who responds to the calls" = Xun-s^en Jiu-ku Yin-wu Sui-ji "Savior from Suffering according to calls, responding to events according to vicissitudes" (Dz 351.2a)

194

"Jiuku tianzun sits on a five-colored lotus throne. ... Below, there is the lion of five colors whose nine heads, respectfully turned toward the throne, spit flames forming a mandorla of nine colors all around him ... . From this light, myriad rays are projected in the shape of spears and swords, which invert to create a canopy of seven jewels." (Dz 590.5/2a-b)

195

"Jiuku tianzun, entirely dressed in blue-green, manifesting himself inside an extraordinary halo."(Dz 590.6/3a-b)

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Christine Mollier : Buddhism and Taoism Face to Face. U of HI Pr, Honolulu, 2008.