STUDIES IN CENTRAL AND EAST ASIAN RELIGIONS: Journal of the Seminar for Buddhist Studies, Copenhagen & Aarhus. ISSN: 0904-2431
"12 & 13" (2001-2002) pp. 95-192 R. J. Zwi Werblowsky: "Catalogue of the Pantheon of Fujian Popular Religion."
catalogue
# |
page |
name |
name |
meaning |
trait |
1st |
111 |
Tian-gon |
T>ien-kun |
Lord of Heaven |
wearing mian (mortarboaord cap); abdicated throne, became hermit |
Yu-huan |
Yu:-Huan |
Jade Emperor |
2nd of "3 Pure Ones" |
||
2nd |
112 |
Jin-ton |
C^in-t>un |
Golden Lad |
Page-boy of Lord of Heaven |
3rd |
+Yu-nu: |
+Yu:-nu: |
Jade Maiden |
Maid-of-Honor |
|
4th & 5th |
112-3 |
Xuan-tian |
Hsu:an-t>ien |
Black Heavens |
Xuan-wu "dark warrior" (of the north); subdued 36 daimones whom he appointed Caelestial Generals |
6th |
113 |
Gon-min |
Kun-min |
Xuan-tan "Dark Altar"; Wu cai-s^en (military god of wealth) |
black, astride tiger ; 1st adjutant of Supreme Emperor of Dark Heaven |
7th |
Kan Yuan-s^uai |
K>an Yu:an-s^uai |
2nd adjutant of Emperor of Black Heavens |
||
8th to 10th |
Da-di |
Ta-ti |
Great Lords |
San-guan "3 Offices" (appointed by Jade Emperor) |
|
8th |
114 |
Tian-guan |
T>ien-kuan |
Heaven-Officer |
|
9th |
Di-guan |
Ti-kuan |
Earth-Officer |
||
10th |
S^ui-guan |
S^ui-kuan |
Waters-Officer |
||
11th |
Hai-lon-wan |
Hai-Lun-wan |
Sea-dragon-king |
blue-faced |
|
12th |
Fen-bo |
Fen-po |
Wind-Earl |
holding 2 wind-fans |
|
13th |
Yu-s^i |
Yu:-s^ih |
Rain-Master |
rain-bowl in left hand, rain-spray-whisk in right hand |
|
14th |
115 |
Yun-s^i |
Yu:n-s^ih |
Cloud-Master |
holding clouds-gourd |
15th |
Lei-gon |
Lei-kun |
Thunder-Duke |
blue owl-god; axe & scissors |
|
16th to 20th |
S^ui-xian |
S^ui-Hsien |
Water-Transcendents |
Zun-wan "Revered Kings"(5 Tamers of Waters) |
|
16th |
Yu-di |
Yu:-ti |
drainage of flood-waters |
||
17th |
116 |
Xian Yu |
Hsian-Yu: |
[king between Qin & Han dynasties] |
black, holding boat in left hand: Hegemon of C^u |
18th - 30th |
Lu Ban |
Lu-Pan |
Lu-state builder |
ship-building, boat-launching |
|
19th |
Wu Yuan |
Wu-Yu:an |
Wu-state minister |
ruler of the tides |
|
20th |
Qu Yuan |
C^>u:-Yu:an |
Qu-state minister |
poet; dragon-boat race |
|
21st |
117 |
Fan Xian-zu |
Fan Hsien-tsu |
"Transcendent Progenitor" |
black-faced "God of dreams" (answering quaestions in dreams) |
22nd |
1st attendant to Fan |
holding box of sigils |
|||
23rd |
2nd attendant to Fan |
holding calabash |
|||
24th |
117-8 |
Z^on Kui |
C^un-K>uei |
exorcist-god; blue, wearing only one shoe {cf. one-shoed Theseus} |
|
25th- 26th |
118-9 |
S^en-non |
S^en-nun |
Divine Farmer |
red- / pink-faced, discoverer of medicines |
27th |
119 |
Hua Tuo |
Hua-T>o |
surgery: trepanning-god |
|
28th |
Dou-gon |
Tou-kun |
God of smallpox |
||
29th |
+Dou-po |
+Tou-p>o |
Goddess of smallpox (w. 28th) |
||
31st= to 62nd |
119-121 |
tian-jian |
t>ien-c^ian |
Male Heavenly Generals |
32 out of 36 (mostly entitled Yuan-s^uai ‘Marshal’) |
3ist & 32nd |
121 |
Li Na-z^a |
Li Na-c^a |
[I] |
Z^on-tan Tai-zi / C^uu-t>an T>ai-zi ‘Central Altar Prince’ |
33rd |
Gao |
Kao |
[II] |
holdeth aloft little child; grantor of offspring |
|
34th |
Yin |
(ditto) |
[III] |
Tai-bao "Grand Protector"; 6-armed |
|
35th |
122 |
Ma |
(ditto) |
Horse [IV] |
min-wan "wisdom-king"; blue, 8-armed, 3-headed |
36th |
Wen Z^on |
Wen-C^un |
[V] |
tai-s^i "Grand Tutor" of S^an |
|
37th |
Xie |
Hsieh |
[VI] |
tian-jun "Heavenly Lord"; riding white horse {cf. Kalkin} |
|
38th |
Wen Qion |
Wen-C^>iun |
[VII] |
blue, holding mace |
|
39th |
123 |
Z^ao Gon-min |
C^ao-Kun-min |
[VIII] |
plague (epidemic)-daemon, subdued by "Dark heavens" (4-5) |
40th |
Tian Lu: |
T>ien-Lu: |
[IX] |
Lon-s^e-wan |
|
41st |
Xin Xin-gou |
Hsin-Hsin-kou |
[X] |
green, bird-beaked; mace-holding |
|
42nd |
Den Z^on |
Ten C^un |
[XI] |
blue, holding scroll |
|
43rd |
Liu |
(ditto) |
[XII] |
holding bell in left hand |
|
44th |
Yi-s^an |
I-s^an |
who moveth mountains [XIII] |
holdeth aloft a mountain , but subdued by "Dark Heavens" (4-5) {cf. Ravana, raising mountain until subdued by Kr.s.n.a "Dark"} |
|
45th |
124 |
Sai hai |
(ditto) |
sea-filler [XIV] |
stopper-up of sea |
46th |
Kan |
K>an |
[XV] |
marshall riding white horse {cf. "True & Faithful", Rev. of John} |
|
47th |
Z^an |
C^an |
[XVI] |
s^en-z^e "saint" |
|
48th |
Yan Jian |
Yan-C^ien |
[XVII] |
2nd s. younger sis. Jade Emperor |
|
Er Lan |
Erh Lan |
with small hound on palm of hand |
|||
49th |
Ma Qie-luo |
Ma C^ieh-lo |
[XVIII] |
on horseback (mythic bird) |
|
50th |
125 |
Hu |
tiger [XIX] |
qie-luo (mythic bird) |
|
51st |
Z^i-gui |
C^ih-kuei |
suppressing daemones [XX] |
holding green daemon |
|
52nd |
Tun-jin |
T>un-c^in |
devouring spirits [XXI] |
green; swallowing a daemon feet-first |
|
53rd |
Yu-c^i Jin-z^an S^i-z^e |
Yu:-c^>ih C^in-c^an S^ih-c^e |
Carrying Jade Decree & Gold Sigil [XXII] |
scroll in left hand, flag in right |
|
54th |
Z^i-fu s^i-z^e |
C^ih-fu |
"on Duty" [XXIII] |
riding blue horse and holding book |
|
55th |
Huan |
(ditto) |
[XXIV] |
Immortal Officer |
|
56th |
Wu |
(ditto) |
[XXV] |
Marshall |
|
57th |
Yue |
Yu:eh |
[XXVI] |
patron of soldiers |
|
58th |
126 |
Lian |
Lien |
[XXVII] |
s^en-z^e "saint' |
59th |
Ren |
Jen |
[XXVIII] |
Marshall |
|
60th |
Jian |
C^ian |
[XXIX] |
Transcendent Officer |
|
61st |
Kan |
K>an |
[XXX] |
s^e-ren "Gentleman" |
|
62nd |
Xiao |
Hsiao |
[XXXI] |
saint; riding blue horse |
|
63rd |
Jian lon-guan |
C^ian lun-kuan |
River Dragon-Officer [XXXII] |
||
64th-67th |
126-7 |
Female Heavenly Generals |
4 out of the 36 palace ladies swallowed by white serpent |
||
64th |
126 |
+Li |
(ditto) |
[XXXIII] |
xian-gu (hsien-ku) "Immortal Lady" |
65th |
+He |
+Ho |
[XXXIV] |
xian-gu (hsien-ku) "Immortal Lady" |
|
66th |
+Qin |
+C^>in |
[XXXV] |
xian-gu (hsien-ku) "Immortal Lady" |
|
67th |
+Ji |
+C^i |
[XXXVI] |
xian-gu (hsien-ku) "Immortal Lady" |
|
68th |
127 |
Guan-di |
Kuan-ti |
Han general |
holding Annals |
69th |
128 |
Guan Pin |
Kuan P>in |
68's attendant |
holding box of sigils |
70th |
Z^ou Can |
C^ou Ts>an |
68's armor-bearer |
with black face |
|
71st |
68's military equerry |
bin "soldier" with red hat |
|||
72nd |
68's civilian equerry |
yon (yun) "brave" with black hat |
|||
73rd |
Z^ao Yun |
C^ao Yu:n |
hero |
||
74th |
Z^an Xun |
C^an Hsu:n |
governor |
We-nan zun-wan "Venerable King of Peaceful Pacification" |
|
75th |
129 |
Xu Yuan |
Hsu: Yu:an |
governor |
Wu-an zun-wan "Venerable King of Martial Pacification" |
76th |
Nan Ji-yun |
Nan C^i-yu:n |
general |
||
77th |
Lei Wan-c^un |
Lei Wan-c^>u:n |
general |
||
78th |
130 |
Wen-c^an |
Wen-c^>an |
"Literary splendor" |
God of literati |
79th |
Guan-zi |
Kuan-tzu |
Minister of Qi |
||
80th |
131 |
Lu:-zu |
Lu:-tsu |
"patriarch Lu:" |
Patron of barbers |
81st |
Kui-xin |
K>uei-hsin |
Protector of candidates of civil service examinations |
||
82nd |
Z^u-yi |
C^u-i |
"red robe" |
appeared to examiner who was about to fail a candidate and thereupon changed his decision |
|
83rd |
Z^u Xi |
C^u Hsi |
Neo-Confucian philosopher |
God of Literature |
|
84th |
1st attendant to Z^u |
carrying ink-slab |
|||
85th |
132 |
2nd attendant to Z^u |
carrying book wrapped in a cloth |
||
86th |
+Ma-zu-po |
+Ma-tsu P>o |
"grandmother" |
Protectress of sailors & sea-farers on coast of Fu-jian |
|
87th |
133 |
Qian-li Yan |
C^>ien-li Yen |
‘1000-miles eye’ |
blue-faced attendant of Ma-zu |
88th |
S^un-fen Er |
S^un-fen Erh |
"Favouring wind ears" |
red-faced attendant of Ma-zu |
|
89th |
+Lin-s^ui Fu-ren |
+Lin-s^ui Fu-jen |
lady from Lin-s^ui in Fu-jian |
Patroness of child-bearing & child-birth; destroyed a humans-swallowing white serpent |
|
90th |
133-4 |
Guo S^en-wan |
Kuo S^en-wan |
holy king Guo |
Guo Z^on-fu / Kuo C^un-fu, performing post-mortem miraculous saving interventions in Fu-jian |
91st |
134 |
+S^en-wan Nian |
(ditto) |
‘sage-king’s grandmother’ |
her feet resting on 2 turtles; Daoist priest’s daughter, married by a ruse to Guo after his death |
92nd |
Huan Tai-wei |
Huan T>ai-wei |
Defender-in-chief Huan |
Civil (Wen) Adjutant to Guo |
|
93rd |
C^en Jian-jun |
C^>en C^ian-c^u:n |
General C^en |
Military (Wu) Adjutant to Guo |
|
94th |
134-5 |
Qin-s^ui Zu-s^i |
C^>in-s^ui Tsu-s^ih |
Clear-Water Patriarch |
dwelt in grotto at Pen-lai mountain |
95th-96th |
135 |
Tu-di-gon |
T>u-ti Kun |
earth-god |
holding tael (gold ingot)in left hand, gnarled staff with right hand |
97th & 100th |
135-6 & 137 |
+Guan-s^i-yin |
Kuan-s^ih-yin |
observing sounds |
Protectress of infants; holding baby |
98th & 101st |
136 & 137 |
S^an-cai |
S^an-ts>ai |
Lad of Good Talents |
with hands in prayer-gesture; attendant to Guan-yin |
99th & 102nd |
136 & 137 |
+Lon-nu: |
+Lun-nu: |
Dragon-Woman |
holding luminous pearl; companion to S^an-cai |
103rd |
137 |
Bao-s^en Da-di |
Pao-s^en Ta-ti |
Protecting-Life Great Emperor |
exorcism; physician-medic who visited +Xi-wan-mu and ascended |
107th |
138 |
+Guan-yin |
+Kuan-yin |
"sitting in a hollowed-out tree-trunk" |
|
109th |
139 |
||||
111th |
140 |
Fu-s^en |
(ditto) |
City-God’s assistant |
|
114th |
Wen Pan-guan |
Wen P>an-kuan |
City-God’s civilian judge |
||
115th |
Wu P>an-guan |
Wu P>an-kuan |
City-God’s military judge |
||
116th |
141 |
Ai-zi-gui |
Ai-tzu Kuei |
Dwarf Sceptre |
Yin-c^ai Darkness-realm police-agent |
117th |
Pai-tou-ye |
P>ai-t>ou Yeh |
City-God’s chief inspector |
||
118th & 119th |
142 |
Ma-s^i-ye |
Ma-s^ih yeh |
City-God’s mounted servant |
|
120th to 133rd |
142-4 |
the 12 Officers of the City-God |
|||
120th |
142 |
Gua-lu-si |
Kua-lu Ssu |
Who Registereth [I] |
holding scroll & writing-brush |
121st |
Tu-ji-si |
T>u-c^i Ssu |
Charts-&-Registers Who [II] |
green-clad |
|
122nd |
143 |
Su-bao-si |
Su-pao Ssu |
Swiftly Reporteth [III] |
black-faced; clad in red-&-gold |
123td |
Wei-z^en-si |
Wei-c^en Ssu |
Who Reprimandeth [IV] |
In Authority |
|
124th |
Dan-e-si |
Tan-o Ssu |
Who Suppresseth Evil [V] |
blue-faced |
|
125h |
S^un-fu-si |
S^un-fu Ssu |
Who Granteth Success [VI] |
for acquisition of weath. orange-clad |
|
126th |
Jie-s^ou-si |
C^ieh-s^ou Ssu |
Who Prolongeth Life [VII] |
brown-clad |
|
127th |
Wei-lue-si |
Wei-lu:eh Ssu |
Who Inspireth Fear [VIII] |
gilded |
|
128th |
Zi-sun-si |
Tzu-sun Ssu |
Posterity Who [IX] |
red-clad |
|
129th |
Fu-de-si |
Fu-te Ssu |
Happiness-&-Blessings Who [X] |
clad in dark-red |
|
130th |
Ji-lu-si |
C^i-lu Ssu |
Protocols-&-Registries Who [XI] |
black-clad |
|
131th |
144 |
S^u-s^ou-zi |
S^u-s^ou Ssu |
Who Calculculateth Years [XII] |
for years of life. red-clad |
132nd |
Ban-tou-ye |
Pan-t>ou Ye |
Lord Headman of Constables |
at entrance to City-God’s temple |
|
138th |
145 |
Don-yue Da-di |
Tun-yu:eh Ta-ti |
Eastern-Peak Great-Emperor |
Tai-s^an-ye ‘Tai-mountain-lord’ |
141st |
Su-bao-si |
Su-pao Ssu |
Reporteth Swiftly Who |
black attentant of Emperor of the Eastern Peak |
|
142nd |
Ma Jian-jun |
Ma C^ian-c^u:n |
Horse-General |
Ma-mian ‘Horse-Face’ = Ma-ye ‘Horse Father’ underworld lictor |
|
143rd |
146 |
Niu Jian-jun |
Niu C^ian-c^u:n |
Ox-General |
Niu-tou ‘Buffalo-Head’ = Niu-ye ‘Ox Father’ underworld lictor |
144th |
+Fu-ren-ma |
+Fu-jen Ma |
Goddess of the Infernal Xue-c^i (‘Bloody Pool’) of "especially women who died in childbirth" |
||
147th & 148th |
147 |
Zan-wan |
Tsan-wan |
Cylinder King |
[of cylinder revolved to redeem souls from the Bloody Pool – p. 146] |
149th |
+Z^u-s^en Nian-nian |
+C^u-s^en Nian-nian |
"goddess of fate, determining the new-born child’s destiny." |
||
152nd |
148 |
+Zu-mu |
+Tsu-mu |
Grandmother |
Po-zu / P>o-tsu |
154th |
149 |
Di-zan Wan |
Ti-tsan Wan |
Earth-Storage King |
harrower of Hell. [incarnate as Mu-lian; riding on tigre – p. 150] |
155th to 152nd |
150-2 |
the 10 Wan (‘kings’) praesiding over the 10 Courts of the Underworld |
|||
155th |
150 |
Qin-guan |
C^>in Kuan |
of Qin, Magnanimous |
[I] |
156th |
150-1 |
C^u-jian |
C^u-c^ian |
of C^u, river |
1st river [II] |
157th |
151 |
Son-di |
Sun-ti |
of Son, emperor |
[III] |
158th |
Wu-guan |
Wu-kuan |
5 Offices |
[IV] |
|
159th |
Yan-luo |
Yen-lo |
[V] having relation to Di-zan |
||
160th |
Bian-c^en |
Pien-C^>en |
of Bian city |
King of Transformations [VI] |
|
161st |
Tai-s6an |
T>ai-s^an |
of Tai mountain |
of Eastern Peak [VII] |
|
162nd |
Pin-den |
P>in-ten |
Impartial |
[VIII] |
|
163rd |
152 |
Du-s^i |
Tu-s^ih |
of the Capital |
[IX] |
164th |
Z^uan-lun |
C^uan-lun |
Wheel-Turner |
[X] |
|
165th to 168th |
152-3 |
Du-ton |
Tu-t>un |
‘of the Chief Commandery’ |
4 |
165th |
152 |
Jia-suo Jian-jun |
C^ia-suo Cian-c^u:n |
Cangue-&-Shackles General |
|
166th |
Z^uo-fu Jian-jun |
C^o-fu C^ian-c^u:n |
Seizing-&-Binding General |
blue; holding chain & fire-tablet |
|
167th |
-- |
-- |
(Chief Commander) |
seated, with long black beard |
|
168th |
152-3 |
Si-xin Ban-tou |
Ssu-hsin Pan-t>ou |
4-Divisions Leader |
wearing black headgear |
172nd |
153 |
+Dou-mu |
[+Tou-mu] |
Dipper-Mother |
goddess of Big Dipper constellation |
235th to 250th |
170-173 |
Ba Xian |
Pa-hsien |
‘the 8 Immortals’ |
|
235th & 243rd |
171 & 172 |
Z^on-li Quan |
C^un-li C^>u:an |
black-bearded, hair knotted on both sides of head; holding feather-duster |
|
236th & 244th |
171 & 173 |
Z^an Guo-lao |
C^an Kuo-lao |
carrying cane with 2 clapper-rods within; riding mule facing backwards |
|
237th & 245th |
171 & 173 |
Cao Guo-jiu |
Ts>ao Kuo-c^iu |
uncle of emperor |
holding castanets |
238th & 246th |
171 & 173 |
Li Tie-guai |
Li T>ieh-kuai |
Li Iron-Crutch |
limping beggar with calabash for carrying druggists’ pottions |
239th & 247th |
172 & 173 |
Lu: Don-bin |
Lu: Tun-pin |
Lu: Caves’-Guest |
with miraculous sword |
240th & |
172 & |
Lan Cai-he |
Lan Ts>ai-ho |
itinerant singer; patron of musicians |
|
241st & 249th |
172 & 173 |
Han Xian-zi |
Han Hsian-tzu |
(favorite disciple of Lu: Don-bin) playing a flute |
|
242nd & 250th |
172 & 173 |
+He Xian-gu |
+Ho Hsien-ku |
"woman ... she had ... an intense sexual encounter with Lu: Dongbin" |
|
248th |
173 |
Liu Hai Xian |
Liu Hai Hsien |
playing with toad : wealth-god |
|
252nd |
174 |
Dao-de Tian-jun |
Tao-te T>ien-tsun |
Way-&-Virtue Heaven-Worthy |
(Many Daoist scriptures are ascribed to him) |
260th |
175 |
Z^an Dao-lin |
C^an Tao-lin |
black; riding tigre. with sword in upraised right hand |