STUDIES IN CENTRAL AND EAST ASIAN RELIGIONS: Journal of the Seminar for Buddhist Studies, Copenhagen & Aarhus. ISSN: 0904-2431

"12 & 13" (2001-2002) pp. 95-192 R. J. Zwi Werblowsky: "Catalogue of the Pantheon of Fujian Popular Religion."

catalogue

#

page

name

name

meaning

trait

1st

111

Tian-gon

T>ien-kun

Lord of Heaven

wearing mian (mortarboaord cap); abdicated throne, became hermit

   

Yu-huan

Yu:-Huan

Jade Emperor

2nd of "3 Pure Ones"

2nd

112

Jin-ton

C^in-t>un

Golden Lad

Page-boy of Lord of Heaven

3rd

 

+Yu-nu:

+Yu:-nu:

Jade Maiden

Maid-of-Honor

4th & 5th

112-3

Xuan-tian

Hsu:an-t>ien

Black Heavens

Xuan-wu "dark warrior" (of the north); subdued 36 daimones whom he appointed Caelestial Generals

6th

113

Gon-min

Kun-min

Xuan-tan "Dark Altar"; Wu cai-s^en (military god of wealth)

black, astride tiger ; 1st adjutant of Supreme Emperor of Dark Heaven

7th

 

Kan Yuan-s^uai

K>an Yu:an-s^uai

 

2nd adjutant of Emperor of Black Heavens

8th to 10th

 

Da-di

Ta-ti

Great Lords

San-guan "3 Offices" (appointed by Jade Emperor)

8th

114

Tian-guan

T>ien-kuan

Heaven-Officer

 

9th

 

Di-guan

Ti-kuan

Earth-Officer

 

10th

 

S^ui-guan

S^ui-kuan

Waters-Officer

 

11th

 

Hai-lon-wan

Hai-Lun-wan

Sea-dragon-king

blue-faced

12th

 

Fen-bo

Fen-po

Wind-Earl

holding 2 wind-fans

13th

 

Yu-s^i

Yu:-s^ih

Rain-Master

rain-bowl in left hand, rain-spray-whisk in right hand

14th

115

Yun-s^i

Yu:n-s^ih

Cloud-Master

holding clouds-gourd

15th

 

Lei-gon

Lei-kun

Thunder-Duke

blue owl-god; axe & scissors

16th to 20th

 

S^ui-xian

S^ui-Hsien

Water-Transcendents

Zun-wan "Revered Kings"(5 Tamers of Waters)

16th

 

Yu-di

Yu:-ti

 

drainage of flood-waters

17th

116

Xian Yu

Hsian-Yu:

[king between Qin & Han dynasties]

black, holding boat in left hand: Hegemon of C^u

18th - 30th

 

Lu Ban

Lu-Pan

Lu-state builder

ship-building, boat-launching

19th

 

Wu Yuan

Wu-Yu:an

Wu-state minister

ruler of the tides

20th

 

Qu Yuan

C^>u:-Yu:an

Qu-state minister

poet; dragon-boat race

21st

117

Fan Xian-zu

Fan Hsien-tsu

"Transcendent Progenitor"

black-faced "God of dreams" (answering quaestions in dreams)

22nd

     

1st attendant to Fan

holding box of sigils

23rd

     

2nd attendant to Fan

holding calabash

24th

117-8

Z^on Kui

C^un-K>uei

 

exorcist-god; blue, wearing only one shoe {cf. one-shoed Theseus}

25th- 26th

118-9

S^en-non

S^en-nun

Divine Farmer

red- / pink-faced, discoverer of medicines

27th

119

Hua Tuo

Hua-T>o

 

surgery: trepanning-god

28th

 

Dou-gon

Tou-kun

 

God of smallpox

29th

 

+Dou-po

+Tou-p>o

 

Goddess of smallpox (w. 28th)

31st= to 62nd

119-121

tian-jian

t>ien-c^ian

Male Heavenly Generals

32 out of 36 (mostly entitled Yuan-s^uai ‘Marshal’)

3ist & 32nd

121

Li Na-z^a

Li Na-c^a

[I]

Z^on-tan Tai-zi / C^uu-t>an T>ai-zi ‘Central Altar Prince’

33rd

 

Gao

Kao

[II]

holdeth aloft little child; grantor of offspring

34th

 

Yin

(ditto)

[III]

Tai-bao "Grand Protector"; 6-armed

35th

122

Ma

(ditto)

Horse [IV]

min-wan "wisdom-king"; blue, 8-armed, 3-headed

36th

 

Wen Z^on

Wen-C^un

[V]

tai-s^i "Grand Tutor" of S^an

37th

 

Xie

Hsieh

[VI]

tian-jun "Heavenly Lord"; riding white horse {cf. Kalkin}

38th

 

Wen Qion

Wen-C^>iun

[VII]

blue, holding mace

39th

123

Z^ao Gon-min

C^ao-Kun-min

[VIII]

plague (epidemic)-daemon, subdued by "Dark heavens" (4-5)

40th

 

Tian Lu:

T>ien-Lu:

[IX]

Lon-s^e-wan

41st

 

Xin Xin-gou

Hsin-Hsin-kou

[X]

green, bird-beaked; mace-holding

42nd

 

Den Z^on

Ten C^un

[XI]

blue, holding scroll

43rd

 

Liu

(ditto)

[XII]

holding bell in left hand

44th

 

Yi-s^an

I-s^an

who moveth mountains [XIII]

holdeth aloft a mountain , but subdued by "Dark Heavens" (4-5) {cf. Ravana, raising mountain until subdued by Kr.s.n.a "Dark"}

45th

124

Sai hai

(ditto)

sea-filler [XIV]

stopper-up of sea

46th

 

Kan

K>an

[XV]

marshall riding white horse {cf. "True & Faithful", Rev. of John}

47th

 

Z^an

C^an

[XVI]

s^en-z^e "saint"

48th

 

Yan Jian

Yan-C^ien

[XVII]

2nd s. younger sis. Jade Emperor

   

Er Lan

Erh Lan

 

with small hound on palm of hand

49th

 

Ma Qie-luo

Ma C^ieh-lo

[XVIII]

on horseback (mythic bird)

50th

125

Hu

 

tiger [XIX]

qie-luo (mythic bird)

51st

 

Z^i-gui

C^ih-kuei

suppressing daemones [XX]

holding green daemon

52nd

 

Tun-jin

T>un-c^in

devouring spirits [XXI]

green; swallowing a daemon feet-first

53rd

 

Yu-c^i Jin-z^an S^i-z^e

Yu:-c^>ih C^in-c^an S^ih-c^e

Carrying Jade Decree & Gold Sigil [XXII]

scroll in left hand, flag in right

54th

 

Z^i-fu s^i-z^e

C^ih-fu

"on Duty" [XXIII]

riding blue horse and holding book

55th

 

Huan

(ditto)

[XXIV]

Immortal Officer

56th

 

Wu

(ditto)

[XXV]

Marshall

57th

 

Yue

Yu:eh

[XXVI]

patron of soldiers

58th

126

Lian

Lien

[XXVII]

s^en-z^e "saint'

59th

 

Ren

Jen

[XXVIII]

Marshall

60th

 

Jian

C^ian

[XXIX]

Transcendent Officer

61st

 

Kan

K>an

[XXX]

s^e-ren "Gentleman"

62nd

 

Xiao

Hsiao

[XXXI]

saint; riding blue horse

63rd

 

Jian lon-guan

C^ian lun-kuan

River Dragon-Officer [XXXII]

 

64th-67th

126-7

   

Female Heavenly Generals

4 out of the 36 palace ladies swallowed by white serpent

64th

126

+Li

(ditto)

[XXXIII]

xian-gu (hsien-ku) "Immortal Lady"

65th

 

+He

+Ho

[XXXIV]

xian-gu (hsien-ku) "Immortal Lady"

66th

 

+Qin

+C^>in

[XXXV]

xian-gu (hsien-ku) "Immortal Lady"

67th

 

+Ji

+C^i

[XXXVI]

xian-gu (hsien-ku) "Immortal Lady"

68th

127

Guan-di

Kuan-ti

Han general

holding Annals

69th

128

Guan Pin

Kuan P>in

68's attendant

holding box of sigils

70th

 

Z^ou Can

C^ou Ts>an

68's armor-bearer

with black face

71st

     

68's military equerry

bin "soldier" with red hat

72nd

     

68's civilian equerry

yon (yun) "brave" with black hat

73rd

 

Z^ao Yun

C^ao Yu:n

 

hero

74th

 

Z^an Xun

C^an Hsu:n

governor

We-nan zun-wan "Venerable King of Peaceful Pacification"

75th

129

Xu Yuan

Hsu: Yu:an

governor

Wu-an zun-wan "Venerable King of Martial Pacification"

76th

 

Nan Ji-yun

Nan C^i-yu:n

 

general

77th

 

Lei Wan-c^un

Lei Wan-c^>u:n

 

general

78th

130

Wen-c^an

Wen-c^>an

"Literary splendor"

God of literati

79th

 

Guan-zi

Kuan-tzu

 

Minister of Qi

80th

131

Lu:-zu

Lu:-tsu

"patriarch Lu:"

Patron of barbers

81st

 

Kui-xin

K>uei-hsin

 

Protector of candidates of civil service examinations

82nd

 

Z^u-yi

C^u-i

"red robe"

appeared to examiner who was about to fail a candidate and thereupon changed his decision

83rd

 

Z^u Xi

C^u Hsi

Neo-Confucian philosopher

God of Literature

84th

     

1st attendant to Z^u

carrying ink-slab

85th

132

   

2nd attendant to Z^u

carrying book wrapped in a cloth

86th

 

+Ma-zu-po

+Ma-tsu P>o

"grandmother"

Protectress of sailors & sea-farers on coast of Fu-jian

87th

133

Qian-li Yan

C^>ien-li Yen

‘1000-miles eye’

blue-faced attendant of Ma-zu

88th

 

S^un-fen Er

S^un-fen Erh

"Favouring wind ears"

red-faced attendant of Ma-zu

89th

 

+Lin-s^ui Fu-ren

+Lin-s^ui Fu-jen

lady from Lin-s^ui in Fu-jian

Patroness of child-bearing & child-birth; destroyed a humans-swallowing white serpent

90th

133-4

Guo S^en-wan

Kuo S^en-wan

holy king Guo

Guo Z^on-fu / Kuo C^un-fu, performing post-mortem miraculous saving interventions in Fu-jian

91st

134

+S^en-wan Nian

(ditto)

‘sage-king’s grandmother’

her feet resting on 2 turtles; Daoist priest’s daughter, married by a ruse to Guo after his death

92nd

 

Huan Tai-wei

Huan T>ai-wei

Defender-in-chief Huan

Civil (Wen) Adjutant to Guo

93rd

 

C^en Jian-jun

C^>en C^ian-c^u:n

General C^en

Military (Wu) Adjutant to Guo

94th

134-5

Qin-s^ui Zu-s^i

C^>in-s^ui Tsu-s^ih

Clear-Water Patriarch

dwelt in grotto at Pen-lai mountain

95th-96th

135

Tu-di-gon

T>u-ti Kun

earth-god

holding tael (gold ingot)in left hand, gnarled staff with right hand

97th & 100th

135-6 & 137

+Guan-s^i-yin

Kuan-s^ih-yin

observing sounds

Protectress of infants; holding baby

98th & 101st

136 & 137

S^an-cai

S^an-ts>ai

Lad of Good Talents

with hands in prayer-gesture; attendant to Guan-yin

99th & 102nd

136 & 137

+Lon-nu:

+Lun-nu:

Dragon-Woman

holding luminous pearl; companion to S^an-cai

103rd

137

Bao-s^en Da-di

Pao-s^en Ta-ti

Protecting-Life Great Emperor

exorcism; physician-medic who visited +Xi-wan-mu and ascended

107th

138

+Guan-yin

+Kuan-yin

 

"sitting in a hollowed-out tree-trunk"

109th

139

       

111th

140

Fu-s^en

(ditto)

 

City-God’s assistant

114th

 

Wen Pan-guan

Wen P>an-kuan

 

City-God’s civilian judge

115th

 

Wu P>an-guan

Wu P>an-kuan

 

City-God’s military judge

116th

141

Ai-zi-gui

Ai-tzu Kuei

Dwarf Sceptre

Yin-c^ai Darkness-realm police-agent

117th

 

Pai-tou-ye

P>ai-t>ou Yeh

 

City-God’s chief inspector

118th & 119th

142

Ma-s^i-ye

Ma-s^ih yeh

 

City-God’s mounted servant

120th to 133rd

142-4

     

the 12 Officers of the City-God

120th

142

Gua-lu-si

Kua-lu Ssu

Who Registereth [I]

holding scroll & writing-brush

121st

 

Tu-ji-si

T>u-c^i Ssu

Charts-&-Registers Who [II]

green-clad

122nd

143

Su-bao-si

Su-pao Ssu

Swiftly Reporteth [III]

black-faced; clad in red-&-gold

123td

 

Wei-z^en-si

Wei-c^en Ssu

Who Reprimandeth [IV]

In Authority

124th

 

Dan-e-si

Tan-o Ssu

Who Suppresseth Evil [V]

blue-faced

125h

 

S^un-fu-si

S^un-fu Ssu

Who Granteth Success [VI]

for acquisition of weath. orange-clad

126th

 

Jie-s^ou-si

C^ieh-s^ou Ssu

Who Prolongeth Life [VII]

brown-clad

127th

 

Wei-lue-si

Wei-lu:eh Ssu

Who Inspireth Fear [VIII]

gilded

128th

 

Zi-sun-si

Tzu-sun Ssu

Posterity Who [IX]

red-clad

129th

 

Fu-de-si

Fu-te Ssu

Happiness-&-Blessings Who [X]

clad in dark-red

130th

 

Ji-lu-si

C^i-lu Ssu

Protocols-&-Registries Who [XI]

black-clad

131th

144

S^u-s^ou-zi

S^u-s^ou Ssu

Who Calculculateth Years [XII]

for years of life. red-clad

132nd

 

Ban-tou-ye

Pan-t>ou Ye

Lord Headman of Constables

at entrance to City-God’s temple

138th

145

Don-yue Da-di

Tun-yu:eh Ta-ti

Eastern-Peak Great-Emperor

Tai-s^an-ye ‘Tai-mountain-lord’

141st

 

Su-bao-si

Su-pao Ssu

Reporteth Swiftly Who

black attentant of Emperor of the Eastern Peak

142nd

 

Ma Jian-jun

Ma C^ian-c^u:n

Horse-General

Ma-mian ‘Horse-Face’ = Ma-ye ‘Horse Father’ underworld lictor

143rd

146

Niu Jian-jun

Niu C^ian-c^u:n

Ox-General

Niu-tou ‘Buffalo-Head’ = Niu-ye ‘Ox Father’ underworld lictor

144th

 

+Fu-ren-ma

+Fu-jen Ma

 

Goddess of the Infernal Xue-c^i (‘Bloody Pool’) of "especially women who died in childbirth"

147th & 148th

147

Zan-wan

Tsan-wan

Cylinder King

[of cylinder revolved to redeem souls from the Bloody Pool – p. 146]

149th

 

+Z^u-s^en Nian-nian

+C^u-s^en Nian-nian

 

"goddess of fate, determining the new-born child’s destiny."

152nd

148

+Zu-mu

+Tsu-mu

Grandmother

Po-zu / P>o-tsu

154th

149

Di-zan Wan

Ti-tsan Wan

Earth-Storage King

harrower of Hell. [incarnate as Mu-lian; riding on tigre – p. 150]

155th to 152nd

150-2

     

the 10 Wan (‘kings’) praesiding over the 10 Courts of the Underworld

155th

150

Qin-guan

C^>in Kuan

of Qin, Magnanimous

[I]

156th

150-1

C^u-jian

C^u-c^ian

of C^u, river

1st river [II]

157th

151

Son-di

Sun-ti

of Son, emperor

[III]

158th

 

Wu-guan

Wu-kuan

5 Offices

[IV]

159th

 

Yan-luo

Yen-lo

 

[V] having relation to Di-zan

160th

 

Bian-c^en

Pien-C^>en

of Bian city

King of Transformations [VI]

161st

 

Tai-s6an

T>ai-s^an

of Tai mountain

of Eastern Peak [VII]

162nd

 

Pin-den

P>in-ten

Impartial

[VIII]

163rd

152

Du-s^i

Tu-s^ih

of the Capital

[IX]

164th

 

Z^uan-lun

C^uan-lun

Wheel-Turner

[X]

165th to 168th

152-3

Du-ton

Tu-t>un

‘of the Chief Commandery’

4

165th

152

Jia-suo Jian-jun

C^ia-suo Cian-c^u:n

Cangue-&-Shackles General

 

166th

 

Z^uo-fu Jian-jun

C^o-fu C^ian-c^u:n

Seizing-&-Binding General

blue; holding chain & fire-tablet

167th

 

--

--

(Chief Commander)

seated, with long black beard

168th

152-3

Si-xin Ban-tou

Ssu-hsin Pan-t>ou

4-Divisions Leader

wearing black headgear

172nd

153

+Dou-mu

[+Tou-mu]

Dipper-Mother

goddess of Big Dipper constellation

235th to 250th

170-173

Ba Xian

Pa-hsien

‘the 8 Immortals’

235th & 243rd

171 & 172

Z^on-li Quan

C^un-li C^>u:an

 

black-bearded, hair knotted on both sides of head; holding feather-duster

236th & 244th

171 & 173

Z^an Guo-lao

C^an Kuo-lao

 

carrying cane with 2 clapper-rods within; riding mule facing backwards

237th & 245th

171 & 173

Cao Guo-jiu

Ts>ao Kuo-c^iu

uncle of emperor

holding castanets

238th & 246th

171 & 173

Li Tie-guai

Li T>ieh-kuai

Li Iron-Crutch

limping beggar with calabash for carrying druggists’ pottions

239th & 247th

172 & 173

Lu: Don-bin

Lu: Tun-pin

Lu: Caves’-Guest

with miraculous sword

240th &

172 &

Lan Cai-he

Lan Ts>ai-ho

 

itinerant singer; patron of musicians

241st & 249th

172 & 173

Han Xian-zi

Han Hsian-tzu

 

(favorite disciple of Lu: Don-bin) playing a flute

242nd & 250th

172 & 173

+He Xian-gu

+Ho Hsien-ku

 

"woman ... she had ... an intense sexual encounter with Lu: Dongbin"

248th

173

Liu Hai Xian

Liu Hai Hsien

 

playing with toad : wealth-god

252nd

174

Dao-de Tian-jun

Tao-te T>ien-tsun

Way-&-Virtue Heaven-Worthy

(Many Daoist scriptures are ascribed to him)

260th

175

Z^an Dao-lin

C^an Tao-lin

 

black; riding tigre. with sword in upraised right hand