Gawai Buron (festival of birds) of the Iban of Borneo
f. = father of; s. = son of; d. = daughter of; h. = husband of
omen birds (7 h.s of 7 d.s Sinalan Buron) -- p. 3
|
# |
name |
English |
scientific |
alarm-cry |
|
1 |
Ketupon |
rufous picolet |
Sasia abnormis |
jaloh (/ kikeh) |
|
2 |
Bejampon |
crested jay |
Platylophus galericulatus |
|
|
3 |
Beragai |
scarlet-rumped trogon |
Harpactes duvauceli |
|
|
4 |
Embuas |
banded kingfisher |
Lacedo pulchella |
|
|
5 |
Pankas |
maroon woodpecker |
Blythipicus rubiginosus |
kutok |
|
6 |
Papau |
Diard's trogon |
Harpactes diardi |
kalabu (/ senabon) |
|
7 |
Buron Malam / Kundin |
"bird of night" (viz., cricket) |
||
|
8 |
Nendak |
white-rumped shama |
Copsychus malabaricus |
animals, with their activities (pp. 22-23, 48-49: 2 identical lists)
|
animal |
its activity |
|
rufous picolet (jaloh) |
shrieketh |
|
turtle |
swimmeth against current |
|
striped wildcat |
catcher of buff-colored bird |
|
cobra |
sweepeth-away debris |
|
python |
reposeth on kempas tree |
padi charms to keep from being forgetful -- p. 62
|
deer's antler |
|
boar's tusk |
|
cobweb on melai grass |
|
operculum of tekuyon shell |
journey of war-party
|
page |
country of __ t[ree], c[reeper] {Maya day-names} |
deity-name |
page: note |
meaning of name |
|
79 |
Lembut |
190:41 |
sulphur |
|
|
flint {cf. Maya 18th Ets>nab "flint'} |
Kerin |
:41 |
steel |
|
|
80 |
jetulon t. |
Kerutu f. Tuc^ok |
191:42 |
long-haired caterpillar {cf. "little caterpillar", AHM 10:67} (on rubber-tree), f. tree-lizard |
|
81 |
the bow of a boat |
Galah (/ Juban), f. Sandah |
:43 |
crickets |
|
82 |
kerupok palm-t. |
Rioh |
:44 |
larger cricket |
|
83 |
waterfall {Maya 19th Cawac "rain"} |
Sibal Ibal f. Tankal Putin Pemangai & Nendak |
(nendak =) white-rumped shama |
|
|
84 |
ubah t.; red palah reed |
Beragai f. C^elegai Rarik Lampon (/ Samatai) |
||
|
85 |
gamban (sambar) deer |
Jimbun Bulan |
||
|
luop (invisibility for boat); sebanki api (speed for boat) |
Kac^endai Buna Rinkai f. Kelabu |
:47 |
||
|
86 |
"jew's harp" |
Lac^au Kurin |
[fiery-eyed starer] {cf. "staring eyes", AHM 10:67} |
|
|
raras t.; seligi (wooden spear) |
Pankas (/ Kutok) |
:48 |
||
|
87 |
rarak & danan (c.s) |
Bejampon |
||
|
88 |
randau malam (c.) |
Embuas (/ Embuau) |
||
|
89 |
flute; temian bamboo |
Ketupon |
||
|
90 |
sengan & lemba (palm-t.s) |
Buron Malam |
[black-teethed] |
|
|
merunjau t. |
Bujan Kesui (/ Sakundin Mupon) |
|||
|
91 |
banana; tebu tenan sugar-cane |
Riton |
:50 |
basket for collecting honey |
|
93 |
blowgun {Maya 20th Ah-pu "blowgun-blower"} |
Enkerasak |
[slave] |
|
|
94 |
noose |
Nisin (/ Beduru) |
:51 |
arrival of war-party led by Enkerasak
|
warrior (p. 95) |
is stationed at __ |
|
Kunc^it |
house-ladder |
|
Ketupon |
house-floor |
|
Kundin |
chicken-roost |
dreams by prospective vicims
|
dream (p. 99) |
foreboding __ (p. 100) |
|
blown by strong wind |
enemies will come |
|
fallen-upon by raindrops |
will be shot |
|
swarmed-upon by bees |
sparks from: |
|
fallen-upon by tapan tree-trunk |
[clashing] swords |
|
bitten by ular bunai snakes |
spears |
dreams by prospective head-takers
|
dreamer |
1st dream |
2nd dream |
|
|
(p. 104) |
Sinalan |
surprised by bear |
chased by tiger |
|
(p. 106) |
Ketupon |
stars fall |
coconuts are reaped |
|
(p. 107) |
Beragai |
stars fall |
coconuts are reaped |
animals with their characteristics, mentioned to Nisin by guests
|
animal |
its characteristic |
|
|
p. 111 |
deer |
antlers |
|
boar |
tusks |
|
|
p. 112 |
enkelulut (bees) |
antennae |
|
mouse-deer |
||
|
buntak (locust) |
saliva |
|
|
kaak (raven) |
urine |
patterns; materials
|
pattern/design |
||
|
p. 114 |
"jaw of an adulterous crocodile" |
pattern in blanket |
|
p. 115 |
rambai fern |
pattern in woman's blouse |
|
p. 126 |
" fox's tongue" |
design carven on shield |
|
p. 137 |
"tongue of the kendawang snake" |
pattern on sword-belt |
|
material/substance |
||
|
p. 116 |
"buttress roots of the mikai tree" |
door |
|
enseluai rattan |
lashing-strings for floor-planks |
|
|
medan luai wood |
house-posts |
|
|
popped rice (letup, p. 17) |
offerings to trophy-head {= cremation causing skulls to explode ?} |
husband-wife couples
|
husband |
wife |
|
|
p. 117 |
Ketupon = Jaloh |
Endu Dara Tinc^in Temaga = Endu C^erebok Mankok C^ina |
|
Beragai Rengan Mudai = C^ellegai Rarik Lampon |
Endu Kec^apah Dulan Landai = Kuman Buna Entekai |
|
|
p. 118 |
Embuas = Embuai = Tipas Sibui Jabon |
Endu Kec^pan Dulan Mas = Iyak Ketupan Buna Libas |
|
Kelabu Lac^au Buntu Papau Nyenabon |
Endu Moa Puc^on Penabas = Pingai Besai Nadai Meretas |
|
|
Buron Malam = Kesui Sakundin Mupon |
Endu Dara C^empaka Tempuron Alan = Patri Lanit Dayan Kuman |
|
|
Aki Lan Sinalan Buron = Aki Lai |
Endu Dara Sentaba Balun Kupak = Indai Kac^endai Bepantak Jerak |
bathing-places -- p. 119
|
at bathing-place of __ |
are __ |
|
Sinalan |
enkalat bamboos used as tubes for drawing water |
|
+Kuman |
pangil trees, revealing "that she would marry many times." |
|
Kelin |
mudin palms used for spear-shafts |
quarrels with father-in-laws, resulting in household-moves -- p. 120
|
son-in-law |
father-in-law |
object of dispute |
|
Kelin |
f. Rumban |
tusk of tenilin (aardvark) |
|
Laja |
f. Ansan Renaya |
a diamond |
bamboos which must not be walked under -- p. 123
|
bamboo-species |
must not be walked-under, lest __ |
|
kirai |
"we may die." |
|
lalan |
"by the batchelors, Lest they never marry." |
feats of Aji, the brother of +Endu Dara Tinc^in Temaga
|
his feat |
his means of acomplishing it |
|
(p. 123) retaineth "the key to the door of the heavens." |
walketh around (upon?) the clouds |
|
(p. 125) "was hung by the people from the top of a tapang tree, With a thin string of senggang palm, for one month" {this an ordeal for a Daoist shaman's apprentice} |
"bee's nest charm." |
|
paddled "up a waterfall of seven steps" |
"a stone to weaken the water." |
# of persons massacred [reckoned downward from 210, by 20s]-- p. 126
|
# |
massacred by __ |
|
190 |
Ketupon |
|
170 |
Beragai |
|
150 |
Geliga Tandan |
{210 is # of days in Balinese ritual year; 20-day ritual month of Kogi & of Meso-Americans}
ladder climbed, after opening "the door of the clouds"
|
living animal |
is used as __ |
|
(p. 126) python |
ladder |
|
(p. 127) striped nabau snake |
handrails (bannisters) of the ladder |
countries (white/bright) in heaven, along route of expedition -- pp. 127-140
|
page |
[#] |
denizen |
characteristics |
|
p. 127 |
1. |
Aki Unkok |
braiding his hair [in moon, p. 191] |
|
2. |
jantok jelai (cane) |
its shoots raise the tankai miga (stone) |
|
|
3. |
Nelai [& Punga, p. 128] |
red fighting cocks on Balai Nyabon (hill) |
|
|
p. 128 |
4. |
Bujan Simban Gemuran, son of Semarugah ("porcupine", p. 191) |
who owneth "an egg of the earth, The first which became the site of a town." |
|
5. |
"Chinese" |
kawa (stimulant)-plant {known in Fiji} |
|
|
p. 129 |
6. |
Suluk |
boatwrights |
|
7. |
long-backed spirit |
planks |
|
|
8. |
short spirit, sitting |
who becometh sky-tall when standing |
|
|
9. |
Apai Suman Uman |
who exchanged houses with Apai Alui [Kelin's mother's brother, p. 191] [trade of insect-riddled house for a sturdy one, p. 7{: cf. Gurage folk-tale of rabbit & lion}] |
|
|
p. 130 |
10. |
Kelin |
charm which enableth "one to be perfect in throwing a spear" |
|
11. |
Siba Iba the richest of the rich [distributor of "the Job's tears, ... For the food of those who are sick." p. 131] |
his hair is cut in stripes, his back like pedalai fruit; is well in morning, ill in evening ["is charged with caring for the center of things, and consequently may never go anywhere." p. 191 { -- cf. S^into deity Ame-no-minaka-nusi "master of the august center of heaven"}] |
|
|
p. 131 |
12. |
+Raya (bird) ["the Storm's Stork, sends offerings ... to the heavens." p. 191] & +Rindan (bird) |
+Raya is elder sister of Undan; +Rindan is "elder sister of a batchelor who sends his message." |
|
p. 132 |
13. |
Rengan |
carver of sandon ritual pole |
|
14. |
Sera Gindi |
maker of rhinoceros-hornbill statue |
|
|
15. |
Benkon f. Kuan Kapon (Indian cuckoo, p. 191); also, Bujan Tanga Riran |
B.T.R. baileth water from the lake |
|
|
16. |
"blades of swords" (machetes) which "forever cut" making "a cleared space" |
{cf. Bon mythic implements which work by themselves -- is the "cleared space" the lucus "clearing in forest" of the Etruscan lucumon, or the Kore "void" of the Maori cosmogony?} |
|
|
17. |
"nests of snakes" |
"hill which has been tossed by thunder", whence blowguns "have rolled down" |
|
|
p. 133 |
18. |
"a swinging stone" |
"sprinkled by the yellow rice" |
|
19. |
python |
"which can laugh and show its teeth" |
|
|
20. |
Bujan Pareh [as Bunsu Petara's emissary, he "often attends mankind's festivals", p.192] |
[a "statue, with red teeth, is placed at a road junction to frighten bad spirits." p. 191] |
|
|
p. 134 |
21. |
Selampandai/Selampetoh |
is blacksmith, using charcoal of belian wood |
|
22. |
Renayon the barking deer |
kubok & resam (ferns) |
|
|
p. 135 |
23. |
Bunji |
"old sambar deer" {cf. Kartwellian antient deer} |
|
24. |
Mac^au the tiger |
c^andi stone in whirlwind |
|
|
p. 136 |
25. |
"aborted foetuses" |
"Where the seventy roads meet." |
|
p. 137 |
26. |
Kanyon & Ugau |
"lonely forest" |
|
p. 138 |
27. |
Aki Dunju (of cobra-guarded knife) & Aki Lankau (of striped-nabau-snake-guarded jar) |
kemuntin uman trees; lalan benan grass {cf. Bodish snake-engraven knife phurbu; Laotian mythic snake in begging-bowl} |
|
28. |
Duron (/ Sukon Lamba Jingau) (s. Simpulan Gana) |
"His wife is Endu Lilih Sinton Benih Pulut Belanian, Who speaks loudly, claiming she will marry the three starts." |
|
|
p. 139 |
29. |
Bunsu Petara ["Should his attention waver, chaos" to ensue, p. 192] |
"His wife is Endu Sudan, Also known as Sebamban Balut Sireh, She is Endu Iyak who weeps with kindness." |
|
p. 140 |
30. |
+Nelinkon [boat, p. 192] / +Endu Dara Bajik "Whose back is bent." |
{Cf. Daoist hunchbacked goddess (in book of Z^uan Z^ou), whence hunchbacked Tantrik goddess +Cundri = hunchbacked +Kundrie of the Parzival by Wolfram von Eschenbach} |
p. 192, n. 70 "from this [on p. 136] junction [of 70 roads], the path to the longhouse of mankind is the same in all chants."
thence (from the junction), 3 roads -- p. 137
|
road of __ |
is marked by bent __ trees |
|
Kelin |
kemuntin |
|
Laja |
|
|
Tuton |
enkubon |
troughs wherein souls are dipped {cf. baptism} "(as iron is tempered)" by blacksmith -- p. 134
|
into wooden __ trench |
are dipped [souls of] __ |
|
kedemba |
liars |
|
tempurok |
the lazy |
|
teras |
the diligent |
|
"iron" |
the brave |
|
mikai |
the clever |
gripped while bathing
|
bather |
the gripped |
|
(p. 141) Sinalan |
gemian & adon (fishes), kuai (stone) & semah (fish) |
|
(p. 142) Sinalan's wife Indai Kac^endai |
bankit tree-fruit |
owners of verandahs found by Sinalan -- p. 148
|
owner |
character |
|
barking pasun |
is daemon's hound |
|
porcupine |
"Whose necklace is a chain." |
|
tajai [helmeted hornbill |Rhinoplax vigil), p. 192] |
"could fly to Brunei and back in a day." |
praise-names -- pp. 150-151
|
speaker |
his praise-name |
|
Sinalan |
"Earth Tremor which shakes the land, And causes the full moon to fall down." {cf. earth-shaker Poseidon/Potidan : idus/eidus "full moon" (Latin)} |
|
Ketupon |
Sankoh Agon "hairy spear" |
|
Beragai |
Perapan Pedan Panjai "long sword" |
|
Embuas |
Bankon Deras (a swift bird) |
|
Kutok |
Apu Mau (longhouse on fire) |
|
Kelin |
Ipoh Kinyin, (p. 151) having killed macaques |
|
(p. 151) Laja |
Laja' Pemuna, a dart shot toward sky, striking "the Terdani star to make it fall down." |
|
Simpurai |
Perapan Pedan Panjai "long sword" [same as for Beragai] |
|
Tuton |
Putan Tujoh "Which smelts the kemuja steel." |
|
Nelai |
Buna Buot "A flower ... rubbed on the skin of those who collapsed" |
charms (amulets) brought by animal-bards -- pp. 165-167
|
animal |
charm |
|
son of Empeliau the tarsier bard |
tusk of boar |
|
(p. 165) squirrel |
pretious stone; praeserved ginger |
|
snail |
cobweb plucked from melai grass |
|
son of Tupai the bard |
coins |
|
son of Tanga Lulai the bard |
tinc^in bekawai ring; gelan alai bangle |
forging (blackmithery) -- p. 167
|
work |
worker[s] |
|
forgery-chiefs |
Mangan "an evil-hearted batchelor" & Antu Inu Setuak Tuwi a daemon |
|
blow the bellows |
Mingan from the moonlight & Mingat from the yellow lightning |
|
temper the metal |
Baketan Tungai "Whose back is seven finger spans wide." |
smithy constructed out of human body-parts -- p. 168
|
smithy-part |
human body-part |
|
bellows |
upper Kayan folk |
|
furnace |
antient skull |
|
piston of bellows |
gray hair |
|
pipe for blowing fire |
throat of Kejaman |
|
tongs |
hand |
|
anvil |
thigh |
|
hammer |
elbow |
|
trough |
corpse's belly |
|
water |
blood of Punan child |
|
charcoal |
eyeballs of Baketan children |
metaphors of smithy operated by Girau-Gerawan the tall daemon with teeth -- pp. 169-170
|
fuel |
dried mushrooms |
|
sound of fire |
noise made by pama frogs |
|
sound of bellows |
chattering of memadi (parrot) |
|
red-hot iron |
shell of cooked crab |
|
(p. 170) expanding steel |
growth of flower |
|
bilai steel |
sparks |
|
andon steel |
adon fish |
|
tapping with hammer |
woodpecker's pecking-clatter |
spirits taken as omens -- p. 172
|
spirit |
its omen |
|
sabut spirit |
fainteth a dawn |
|
"a spirit" |
weepeth loudly |
|
Belan Pingan |
"whose forehead is uneven" |
|
the tall daemon |
"Whose teeth are sparse." |
animal-people struck down by Bujan Pedan -- pp. 172-173
|
animal |
when slain is revealed as human |
|
female pheasant |
"Which wears earrings." |
|
(p. 173) a bear |
Kayan child "tattoed with a bangle pattern." |
|
puan monkey {cf. Sufi belief of evolution of humans from monkeys} |
"its ribs are broken and dangling" {cf. extraction of rib from >adam} |
lumber-industry similes -- pp. 174-175
|
felled trees have cast off all their bark |
"Like the young damsels, Who sleep soundly and naked." |
|
(p. 175) burnt leaves |
like unto iton sparrows |
|
ashes |
like unto fat of swine |
|
stumps |
like unto heads of rason monkeys |
sending-back of sons of lemamban (bards) -- pp. 177-178
|
lemamban __ |
returneth to __ |
which __ |
|
s. Nendak |
foot of kemantan tambak tree |
"is shaken by the waves." |
|
s. Luon |
knot of tebelian tree |
resoundeth "like a drum when beaten." |
|
(p. 178) "squirrel bards" |
flowers of lensat tree |
|
|
"we |
perch on the bridge of Bunsu Selampadai" |
{cf. bridge of Heimdall} |
Benedict Sandin: Gawai Burong. Penerbit U., Pinang, 1977.
AHM = John White: The Ancient History of the Maori. U. of Waikato, Hamilton (NZ), 2001.