petara

who hath charge of __

Seragendah

clay earth

Seragendi

waters

Seleledu

hills

Seleledin

highlands

Silinlin

sega rotan

Senunon

knotted branches

Bunsu Rembia Abu

tapan branches

Bunsu Kamba

plants of maram

when falling bambu leaf is caught by __

claim (confess) __

dunan fish

in safe praeservation

mplasi fish

brother

semah fish

of household

juak fish

child

symbolism

purpose

"The Manangs lead the neophyte into a private apartment ...; and there, as they assert, they cut his head open, take out his brains, wash and restore them {this process is Daoist},

to give him a clear mind to penetrate into the mysteries of evil spirits, and the intricacies of disease;

they insert gold dust into his eyes

to give him keenness and strength of sight powerful enough to see the soul wherever it may have wandered;

they plant barbed hooks on the tips of his fingers

to enable him to seize {the patient’s errant soul} and hold it fast;

and lastly they pierce his heart with an arrow

to make him tender-hearted, and full of sympathy for the sick".

p.

method

83

"His eyelids are then pierced with two fish hooks, supposed to give him the power to see the soul and diagnose diseases. The cocoanut is then split in two with a chopper over his head, which signifies that he has ceased to be an Iban". [Nyuak 1906:173]

85

The candidate "is now no longer an "Iban," ... he is a "Manang." ... the two words ... contrast to each other". [Perham 1887:101]

87

"The main rites ... are said to include splitting a coconut, representing the new manang’s head, and insertion into it of gold dust to increase his understanding." [Richards 1981:205]

91

"if a manang bali were courted by a young man paying a visit at night (ngayap), the manang bali might engage in fellatio with him (engkayong butoh)".

p.

dreaming

80

"In a dream he is summoned perhaps in the form of a riddle to perform certain tasks. Assuming the initial response is correct the aspirant is taught, principally through dreams, the functions of his office under the supervision of Menjaya Raja Manang, spirit ruler of the manang." [Jensen 1974:144]

126

["posthumous judgement that the deceased has become a god"] "a animal, frequenting some human habitation, is revealed in a dream as the direct tansformation of the deceased’s semengat .. of a petara in animal form (tuah)."

127

"The dream is the primary source of mystical and religious experiences for the Iban." [Uchibori 1978:16]

"Finally, dream experiences are the usual source of potent charms (pengaroh), which the spirits direct the dreamer to find, in a certain location, in a later waking state".

129

"The normal order of events includes a dream, a spirit ... animal, and subsequent success. In such circumstances the animal in question is venerated with piring ["offering of food" (p. 174)] and never killed or eaten." [Jensen 1974:125]

132

Aspirant "was visited in a dream by spirits and summoned to be a manang; she was warned that if she refused, misfortune would befall her and when she replied that she had not the knowledge, the spirit offered to teach her – also in dreams". [Jensen 1974:120]

p.

Iban

{<arabian}

107

"the mockery of men is one of the favourite pastimes of Iban women ... . ... It is always a nickname directed at males, and usually at the male genital.

{banter by women (to be heard by man) of nicknames for their own vulva,

108

... the men ... retaliate by ... chants critical of women which ... leave nothing to the imagination" (Freeman 1968:388-90).

followed by banter by man (to be heard by those women) of nicknames for his own penis ("The Porter and the Three Ladies of Baghdad", 10^th night of 1001 Nights)}

" the Baleh region ... the female Manang ... used to ritually chop down the ladder used by the incubus to gain entry to the longhouse ... .

One man who had become a manang bali, however, used to attack and kill the incubus .... in the Baleh area".

p.

barrier

124

"when the troop of the dead come to collect the newly deceased, they find themselves unable to enter the longhouse, since ‘the entrance is blocked by a mythical shaman with ceremonial fabrics which have fearful designs of crocodiles and tigers’ (Uchibori 1978:184).

‘thinner than the skin of the fruit of an

125

eggplant’ (Masing 1981:243)."

p. 128

one "with ambition ..., or one who desired ... to be cured of an obstinate disease, would ... spend a night or nights by himself on a mountain, hoping to meet a benevolent spirit who would give him what he desired" [Perham 1882:219]

p. 129

[if during this solitary session including "encounters with spirits in terrifying animal forms" the seeker should flee, then] "he is cursed (ditepang) and would suffer consistent misfortune" [Jensen 1974:123]

"In search for a guardian spirit, the Iban concerned might spend the night in a specially constructed dreamhouse (meligai) ... . The spirit helper of a shaman was also thought to take on an animal form. On the night of a manang’s initiation, rice ... was spread out on a mat ... . Next morning, the officiating manang would examine the rice to see if there were any marks on it."

"if a mark is found ... having been made by one of the following animals, the shamanistic name given to the newly consecrated manang is as follows :" [Sandin 1983:245]

p. 130

#

iyan (animal)

be-julok (name given)

1.

tekura (‘tortoise’)

Begura

2.

lelabi (‘turtle’)

Jelapi

3.

ridun (‘black borer beetle’)

Bekok

4.

rinin (‘otter’)

Menjayan

5.

landak (‘porcupine’)

Guyak

6.

menaul (‘hawk’)

Sada>

7.

grasi (‘daimon’)

Jegon

p. 114

"Eventually, it is given to a group of manang bali and at once it ceases crying and laughs aloud at their anomalous appearance."

p. 115

This laughter is at "the droll appearance of the transvestite shamans, with their female attire ... and their broken and dangling penises", "ridicule of the transvestite homosexual". [Freeman 1979:241]

page

ordinal

bird

tree

action

p. 279

1^st

Kunc^it

emperawan

p. 281

2^nd

Kejira> "Warbler"

jeluan padi (rice)

3^rd

Empulu

kereban

flower-buds

4^th

Kerasak "Spider-hunter"

p. 283 mimicking lost hound

p. 283

5^th

Sematun "Long-billed Spider-hunter"

kec^ala>

6^th

Semalau "Straits Magpie"

grave-mat-shelter

p. 285

7^th

Puna> "Pigeon"

bird-snare

8^th

Buluh "Hornbill"

dark-red casque

9^th

Kenyalan "Rhinoceros Hornbill"

p. 287 wall-up holes

p. 287

10^th

Kuan Kebat

fn. L71 frontier

tying-up bones of the dead

11^th

Tiup Api "Plaintive Cuckoo"

fn. L81 river Limban -- chasm

cause fires to blaze

p. 289

12^th

Dundun "Coucal"

weaving

13^th

Sebalankin

twilight

p. 291 bell

p. 291

14^th

Bubut "Common Coucal"

flirting with maiden

entry-ladder

p. 32 (Table 1) -- Juluk

p. 32 (Table 1) -- Yan

pp. 240-243 imprisoned in exposed roots of fig-tree [listed backwards]

pp. 296-297 pull soul through narrow opening

5. entawai (bat)

4. nadin (wildcat)

3. sawa> (python)

1. sawa> (python)

Beguru

tekura (tortoise)

Jelapi>

lelabi {? = Lullubi / Lur} (turtle)

2. lelabi (turtle)

Bekuk

ridun (black beetle)

Menjayan

rinin (otter)

Guyak

landak {?= Lanonandek in Urantia Book} (porcupine)

3. landai (porcupine)

Sada

menaul {?= Manoh. [S^PT.YM 13:2]} (hawk) [S^PT.YM 15:11]

Jegun

antu gerasi (daemon huntsman)

2. baya (crocodile)

4. baya (crocodile)

5. menkuli> (clouded leopard)

1. mayas (orang-utan)