S^ahil (Xajil) Chronicle

S^ahil (Xajil) Chronicle

pp. 3-5 progenitors of the tribes

p.	*progenitors*	*tribe*
3	Q>aq>awitz [/q>aq>/ ‘fire’ (p. 2, fn. 2) + /witz/ ‘hill’ (p. 2, fn. 2)] & Saktekaw [/sak/ ‘locust, grasshopper’ (p. 2, fn. 3)]	S^ahil
	K>atun [20-year cycle] & C^>uti Ah [c^>uti ‘small’ (fn. 8) + Ah /cane/] {cf. [<ibri^] Qayin ‘reed’}	Baka>hol
	Tzanatl [tzanatl ‘sanate, boat-tailed grackle’ (Nahuatl) = c^ok (Kaqc^ikel)]	Q>eq>ak>u:c^
4	T>aki Ahaw [ttaquih (t>akih) ‘neck; to pummel’ (fn. 10)] & C^>ahom Ahaw [/c^>a:h/ ‘wash’]	Sibaqihay
	Totomay [/toto/ ‘bird’ (Nahuatl) + /may/ ‘tobacco/ (fn. 12)] & S^urkah [/ka:h/ ‘powder, pigment’ (fn. 13)] {/s`arak/ ‘to interlace’ (Strong’s 8308)}	Kaweq
5	Loc^ [/strew (scil., flowers)/ (fn. 15)] & S^et [s^et ‘mane’] {cf. [<ibri^] S^et}	Kehay
	K>o S^ahil [/k>o/ ‘revered’ + /s^ah/ ‘dance’] & K>o Baqil [/baq/ ‘bone’; /baq-il/ ‘bone of one’s body’] {/baqbuq/ ‘bottle, cruse’ (Strong’s 1228)}	Paq [‘slime{-mold}’] Telom [‘shoulder’]

{the name /S^ahil/ ‘dance’ may refer to the dancing by Huitzil-opochti on the palm of the hand of Tezcatli-poca}

{the name /K>o Baqil/ may refer to the skeletal form of Huitzil-opochti}

pp. 8-9 progenitors of obsidian; the first people

p. 8	the C^ay Abah (/c^ay ‘obsidian’; /aba:h/ ‘stone’) is birthed by Ras^a (/ra:s^/ ‘green’) S^ibalbay and Q>ana (/q>an/ ‘yellow’) S^ibalbay
p. 9	the people were created into poqom (fn. 24 ‘spicy, hot, picante’) {cf. Tezcatli-poca as vendor of chile-peppers}
	the 1^st people "ate wood; they ate leaves; ... They didn’t speak; they didn’t walk. They had no blood, no flesh".

pp. 10-11 origin of horticulture

p.	*horticulture*
10	Utiw (Coyote) & Qoc^ (Crow) knew that food was in the hill Pam Pas^il [/pas^/ ‘to crumble, shatter’ (fn. 29)]
11	When Utiw was killed, ixim (maize) burst out from his arse. {implying that the Maize-god, swallowed by Coyote, killed him from within, and emerged}
	Tiwtiw (Sparrowhawk) brought, from "inside the ocean", the blood of Tis^likumatz [/tis^li/ ‘tapir (modern ‘elephant’)’ (fn. 31) + /kuma:tz/ ‘snake, serpent’]

pp. 12-18 emergence of valuables and of the tribes from the earth’s interior, at Tulan

p.	*emergence*
12	There were 13 men & 14 women
13	"a bat was the covering of the entrance to this Tulan."
15	Along with the 7 amaq> there came forth from Tulan : s^it (jade), pwa:q (gold), q>uq>u-ras^on (quetzal-feather), k>ubul (trogon[-feather]), c^aktit (scarlet-feather), writings, carvings, weavings,
16	s^ul (flute), bis^ (song), c^>ol-q>ih (tzolkin), may-q>ih (‘count-day’), peq (cacaopod), kakaow (cacao),
18	c^e>-aba:h (‘tree-stone’= stela)
21	[the items on pp. 15-16 are re-enumerated : omitting cacaopod/cacao, and with flute/ song at the end instead; and with other omissions]
23	Tlacaxipehualiztli festival
24	There came forth from Tulan the tribes : Rabinal, Sotz>il, Tuquc^e>, Tuhalahay, Uc^abahay, C^>umilahay, Lamaq, Kuma:tz, Aqahal, Tukur

pp. 33-34 the coming of the omen-birds {cf. the omen-birds of Borneo, etc.} at Tulan’s entrance

p.	*omen-bird*
33	C^hal-Siwan (‘ravine-guardian’ = Roadrunner) Tukur (Owl)
34	K>anis^t (Sky-hawk = catarnica)

pp. 39-50 legend of primary migration

p.	*migration*
39	"the base of our standard was stabbed into the sand in the sea. ... the sea was split by the sand. ... We crossed over on a path of sand.
42	Hills which were successive arrived at : Teosakwanku [/teo/ ‘god’ (Nahuatl) + /tsaku/ ‘shut’ (Nahuatl) (fn. 96)], Me>-ahaw (‘daughter lord’), Walwal S^uks^uk [/wal/ ‘fan’ (fn. 97) + /s^uk/ ‘hook, harpoon’ (fn. 97)],
43	Tapku Oloman [/tlapku/ ‘enclosure’ (Nahuatl) + /oloman ‘wooded place’ (Nahuatl) (fn. 98)]
47	Arrival at Nonowalkat [in southern Veracruz (fn. 109)] & at S^ulpiti
48	Sailing in ships eastward from Nonowalkat to Suywa>
49	Were confronted at Suywa> with pe-ul (avalanche, landslide); were fought against thereat by oc^oc^ (house), by ki-tzi> (hound), and by a:k> (turkey)
50	Retreated thence to Tapku Oloman

pp. 51-53 how the patronal deities of the tribes escaped alive from Suywa>

p.	*tribe*	*site fled into by deity*	*patronal deity who thus fled*
51	K>ec^e>	"sliding ... into the sky"	Toh-oh-il (‘thunder’)
51-2	Sotz>il	"in the beak of the Macaw"	Kaqis^ Kan [/kaqis^/ ‘macaw’ + /kan/ ‘remain’ (fn. 121)]
52	Kaqc^ikel	"descended into the earth"	C^i Taq>ah (/taq>ah/ ‘plain’)
		"in the water"	Q>ukuma:tz
52-3	Tuq>uce>	"within an amaq>"	Ahsik Amaq> (‘above amaq>’)
53	Aqahal	"inside a wasp’s nest"	Aqa[ha]la-hay (‘wasp-nest house’)

pp. 54-57 hilltops (summits) & swamps traversed successively

p.		*name*
54	*summit*	Walwal S^uks^uk,
55		Meme> Huyu> (/meme>/ ‘mute’), Takna> Huyu> (/takna>/ ‘deaf’)
		Saq-i-tew (/sa:q/ ‘white’ + /tew/ ‘cold’), Saq-i-k>uwa> (/k>uwa>/ ‘well’)
		Me>-ahaw, Kuta>m C^ah (/kuta>m/ [‘trunk of tree’ (fn. 125)] + /c^a:h/ ‘pine’)
		Saq-i-huyu>, Tepakuman
		Toq>-oh-il (/to:q>/ ‘pierce’)
56		Pan-tzik (/tzik/ ‘droplet’)
57		Popo> Abah [/popo>/ ‘council’ (fn. 129)]
	*swamp*	C^>op-itzel (/c^>op/ ‘pineapple’ + /itzel/ ‘bad’), Pa Nim-a-k>os^om (/nim/ ‘big’ + /k>os^om/ ‘shortcut’), S^e Nim-a-c^ah (/s^e/ ‘below’)
	*swamp*	Muq-ul-i:k Ya> (/mu:q/ ‘submerge’ + /ya>/ ‘water’), Mol-om-i:k (/mo:l/ ‘amass’ + /c^>e/ ‘tree’)

pp. 57-58 Ko> S^ahil accompanied by Bakah

p. 57	Ko> S^ahil, K>o Baqil, was encountered at C^i Yol, C^i Abaq (/abaq/ ‘soot’).
	As for Bakah, his ruha:leb:al ["animal pair or spirit pair into which someone can transform" (fn. 131)] {cf. nagual? (Nahuatl)} was lol (‘cicada’).
p. 58	The c^inami:tal-s were Telom and Kahibaq (‘Grindstone’). [less likely, /kahi>/ ‘four’ + /baq/ ‘bone’ (fn. 133)]

pp. 59-63 encounter with "Heart of the Hill" {= Tepe-yollotl} {cf. "hill-hearts" in Tlaloca`n}

p.	*Heart of the Hill*
59	"They measured their distances twice." They passed between C^i Q>aq> [Volca`n Fuego (‘Volcano Fire’), overlooking Antigua (fn. 135)] and C^i Hunahpu> [Volca`n de Agua, likewise overlooking Antigua (fn. 135)].
	There they encountered the ru-k>ux huyu> (‘Heart of Hill’) : Saqik>os^ol [/sa:q/ ‘white; first; pure’ + /k>os^/ ‘heartwood of tree; patella of knee’, /kos^ol/ ‘striker’ (fn. 136)] {" Moussa, nickamed sarkin gauawa ("the king of haste") because "he is the fastest of them all," is the first to throw lightning." (PHSE, p. 272)}
62	Saqik>os^ol gave up what he was wearing : a wig, "breastplate of blood" (s^ahpota kik>) [possibly "the skin of a sacrificial victim" (fn. 139)], "sandals of blood" (s^ahabi> kik>).
63	They heard "the creaking in the forest" at C^>itabal [/c^>i/ ‘disquiet, unquiet’ + /ta-ba:l/ ‘not in’ or /tah/ ‘pine-tree’]

PHSE = Adeline Masquelier : Prayer Has Spoiled Everything. Duke U Pr, Durham (NC), 2001.

p. 64 hills & swamps which were traversed successively

*hill*	Beleh C^i Q>aq> (/beleh/ ‘9’ + /q>aq>/ ‘fire’)
	Beleh C^i Hunahpu>
	S^e-suh (/s^e/ ‘below’ + /suh/ [a species of tree (fn. 145)])
	S^e-tokoy (/tok/ ‘deaf’)
	S^e-uh [/uh/ ‘moon’ (fn. 144)]
	S^e Amatal [/amat-/ ‘paper’ (Nahuatl) (fn. 146)]
	C^i Tz>unun C^oy (/tz>unun/ ‘hummingbird’ + /c^oy/ ‘lake’) {cf. lake Tzintzuntzan ‘Hummingbird’ in Michoaca`n}
	S^e Kuku> Huyu> (/kuku>/ ‘jug’)
	S^iliwistan [/s^ili/ ‘leaf’ (Nahuatl) + /huitz-tlan/ ‘thorn-place’ (Nahuatl) (fn. 147)]
	Sanpanku [/tzum/ ‘skull’ + /pan/ ‘in’ + /co/ ‘at’ (Nahuatl) (fn. 147) = Sumpango]
	Tekpalan [/tecpal/ ‘throne’ + /tlan/ (Nahuatl) (fn. 147) = Tecpan]
	Tepustan [/tepoz/ ‘metal’ + /tlan/ (Nahuatl) (fn. 147)]
*swamp*	C^>ol Amaq>
*swamp*	Sukitan [/suki/ ‘mud/ + /tlan/ (Nahuatl) (fn. 149)]

pp. 65-66 learning of foreign dialects

p. 65	From the animals Los^pin (‘Oriole’) and C^>upic^in the C^>ol language was learned.
	Re-arrival at tops of the hills Meme> Huyu> (‘Mute Hill’) and Takna> {cf. Tacna in Peru`} Huyu> (‘Deaf Hill’), "their second measuring."
p. 66	"We joked familiarly" [in the C^>ol language?].

p. 67 hills passed "through" (/nik>ah/, literally ‘half’) {via tunnels, if not by actually splitting each mountain asunder – cf. the splitting asunder of the Mt.-of-Olives}

Subinal

C^akac^il (/c^aka:c^/ ‘basket’) Tz>ul-ahaw (/tz>ul/ ‘cloak’ + /ahaw/ ‘lord’) S^-bakah

Nims^or

Moynal

Karc^ah

pp. 67-69 lords & their retinues

p. 67	"They passed by the places of" Walil [/wal/ ‘fan’ (fn. 158)] K>ahol [‘vassal’ (fn. 158)] and of Tz>unun (‘hummingbird’) K>ahol.
	They went Mewak {cf. MiWoK (tribe in California)} Nak-s^it (‘fool-jade’ {greenstone?}’), who was "a great lord."
p. 68	He had invested with ahpop k>amahay {scil., with vassalship} a heralded noseplug-wearer, Tisinpwal Tas^uc^ [= Cenpowal-te S^oc^itl (in Nahuatl) /sen-powal/ ‘twenty’ (literally, ‘one-count’) + /s^oc^itl/ ‘flowers’ (fn. 160)].
p. 69	"they set up the lintel-stone" for the investiture {of Tisinpwal Tas^uc^}.
	Those of Nimpoqom (/ni:m/ ‘big’ + /poqom/ ‘suffering’) and those of Ras^c^>ic^> (/ra:s^/ ‘green’ + /c^>ic^>/ ‘metal’) were encountered at the hill Saqtzuy (/sa:q/ ‘white’ + /tzuy/ ‘gourd’).

pp. 70-73 animal-impersonating dancers; animal-deities

p. 70	"Dances were being done :" S^man Keh (‘doe-deer’), S^man Tz>ikin (‘female bird’), with s^uk> (‘lasso’) and tzara> (‘snare’).
	To view them was sent Saqbim (‘Weasel’)
p. 71	together with K>o S^ahil, K>o Baqil, whose transform is a Cicada.
p. 73	There were encountered Loc^ & X^et [some species of "monkey" (fn. 171)].

Judith M. Maxwell & Robert H. Hill II : Kaqchikel Chronicles. U of TX Pr, Austin, 2006.