p.

#

tribe

term for ‘priest’

238a

1^st

Na-i

daba

2^nd

Na-hen

haba

3^rd

La-re

daba

4^th

Ruan-ke

to^-mba`

5^th

La-luo

to^-mba`

238a-b

6^th

Tan-lan

to^-mba`

238b

7^th

Na-xi

to^-mba`

p.

town

details

239a

Lu-dian

use phonetic go^-ba`w script; originated from Tai-an

238b

Tai-an

use phonetic go^-ba`w script

Bai-s^a

use phonetic go^-ba`w script

239a

Bai-di

cave of A`>-mi` S`i’-lo^

239b

Bao-s^an

divination is popular

to^-mba` "were probably previously Buddhist monks"

[This could not be the case, for the content of Na-xi books is uniformly Bon, not "Buddhist".]

"a host of some newly invented demons."

[These are identical with antient Bon tradition, not "newly invented".]

28 stars

37 cards

49 omens

9 frogs "for the nine directions."

planet

name

sun

N~i^-ma^>

moon

La`-wua^

Jupiter

P>o^>-bo`>

Mars

Mi^-ma`

Saturn

Po^--mba`

Venus

Pa^-sso^

Mercury

La`-pa’

Ssa^w-la`-a^>-pa` "was a legendary Naxi man whose soul was stolen" by the daimones, "after he had died of hunger and thirst.

His soul was reflected on a mirror, which was then brought back by his three sons who went to look for it.

They subsequently became ill and were advised" by the 3 po^>-mbo`> on mt. "Sumeru" to perform caerimonies "to have their life gods return."

Story of the Flood

To Search for Medicine

Story of A-s^i-ma

To Worship the God of Snow

To Propitiate the Dragon-King

To Worship for Good Harvest of Grains

To Sacrifice to the Dragon-King for Rain

To Invite the Gods

To Call the Soul of the Deceased

To Deliver the Ancestor’s Soul

To Guide the Road [for the deceased]

To Offer or to Apply Medicine

p.

sunie

ssa^n-n~i`

286a

"The sunie ... were ordinary persons who ... have been possessed by a

Lu^>-bu` "had long, flowing, dishevelled hair ... to speak to the dead ... They wore red turbans". {= long-haired S`aiva priests for the red cemetery-god Rudra}

286b

"They performed all kinds of feats : licking red hot ploughshares {viz., as priests of K>wua`, who wielded a plough as weapon – p. 318b} ... or washing their face in boiling water."

sunie" daimon "that caused ... loss of mind."

worshipped a god named Ssa^n-do^

p.

MS p:v

2 gates of heaven

on the __

__ gate of heaven

287

1:3

left

big

288

1:4

right

small

2:7

divinations by the tribes

__ divination

by the __ tribe

mutton-scapula

Ni^u-ni`u

chicken-bone

Lu’-lu^

cowry-shell

La^>bu^

string

Gu:^-dzu`

289

which ½ of the nychtheron is under which deity

during the __-time

household ought do as __ doth

3:4

day

god Ndu`

3:5

night

goddess SSa`>

4:3

how long the Ssu’ (life-god) protected each of the 2 gendres

protected __

for __ days

men

9

women

7

290

appurtenances of the naga Lu^>-mu^n Ssu^-ssu`>-szi^

at __

appurtenance

5:4

high mountain

deer & serows

5:5-6

Yu`-gyi`-ku:^

house of naga-s

5:7

white alpine meadow

flower Nyi^-ba`w-p>e`r

6:1

black lake

fish

6:2

high snowy range

tree Hoa`-szi^-ma`n-ngo^-ssi^ (wherefrom are made combs)

appurtenances of the water Ssu` serpent-spirit Ssu` gyi` ma^n

at __

appurtenance

6:4

black mountain

white spruce (wherefrom are made shingles)

291

6:5

black valley

green bamboo

6:6

hill

forest

6:8

how not to interfere with deities

quarrel not against the 1^st heaven Ssu^-bu^-mbe^r-yu`-mua^n

fight not against the 1^st earth Ma^>-ma`-khi^-za^w ("who is in control of the wild animals.")

292

those who, in the beginning, came forth (some in pairs)

8:6

P>e`r

Ssa`n

Na^w

Wu`

O` & Ha`>

Ndu` & Ssa`>

8:7

those who measure lengths & those who measure distances by paces

8:8

to^-mba`

9:1

Du` & Ssu` daimon-chief

Ha^w-zo^-nu:^-ku:’ & Ss^-zo^-nu:^-ku:’

9:2

supreme god Ssa`w-yi^-wua^-de^

Ssu` serpent-spirit

human beings Dzi^ & Ts>o`

293

whence originated various entities

entity

its origination

9:5

trees

hair

9:6

mirror

water

arrow

mountain

grain

grass

silver

Dshi’-p>e`r-k>o^ (white-soil cave)

10:1

gold

valley Lo^-c^>u`n-k>o^

turquoise

quicksand-spring O`-gyi`-ssu’

carnelian

snow mountain

10:2

antediluvian ancestor Dzi^

Mua^an-nu:^-t>o`

conch-shell

lake Lu:^-yu`-khu’

yak

black valley Dsa^>-lo`-na`

horse

centre of land Du`>-lu’>gu:^

ox

Ssu’-k>o^-yu`

10:3

sheep

white alpine meadow Ko`-gu:^-p>e`r

goat

Nda^w-yu`-ndze`r of evergreen oak

hound

spur Ssa^n-nyu`-ku:^

pig

Ts>u^-k>o^>-gyu`

chicken

wheat-chaff nest P>ue^-mbue`-ndu:`

10:6

mothers of various entities

mother

entities

Ssa`w-yi^-wua^-de^

the gods P>e`r & Ssa`n

the 9 male makers of the heavens

the 7 female makers of the earth

Gu^>G-yu`-Gu^>G-ku’>-ku’>

the stars

rainbow

Gu^>G-yu`-Gu^>G-p>u’>-p>u^>

the clouds

wind

294

11:1

Gu^>G-ndzi`-ko^-la’>-ma`>

crane

eagle

Mua^an-go`-hu’-szi^, the stomach sent by K>o^-ki`-k>o^-lo^-zo^ from heaven

trouble

illness

darth

11:2

mt. Nyu`-na’-s^i’-lo^ Nyu`

all mountains

wish-granting tree Ha`-yi^-boa^-da`w-ndze`r

all trees

11:3

golden rock Dsa’>-dsa^>-ha`-lu:^-ma^>

all rocks

lake Mua^n-lu’>-nda^-gyi` Ku’>

all waters

11:4

Boa^-du`>-ds^-le`r-z^e`r

leopard

tigre

the Z^e^r- La^ daimones

11:5

K>wua^-tu:`-bue^-ma^>

all domestic & feral animals

12:1

Nnu`>-ndzi^-dshi`-bu`

nnu`> & no’n

protectors of domestic animals

O`-ndzi^-dshi`-bu`

all grains

12:2

K>o^>-du:`-gu:^-ssu^

naga Ssu^-ssu`>-szi^

K>o^>-du:`-gu:^-le’r

human ancestors Dzi^ & Ts>o`

295

12:3

queen of the Ssu` serpent-spirits

dragon Lu:`

12:4

Mi^-ma`-ssa`>-do^

the Du:` daimones

the Dsa`> daimones

Ku^>-za`w-na`-mu^n

the Ts>u` daimones

the Nyu` daimones

12:5

Lu:^-ma^>-mu^n-Gu^>G

the Mu^n daimones

the Gu^>G daimones

12:6

Lo^-ndo^-k>o^-ts>u`-c^>o’u

the K>o^-Ndshi^ daimones

12:7

Lo^-ndo`-c^>o’u-ts>u`-mi’

the C^>o’u-Ndshi^ daimones

13:1

Ma`>-ssa^>-to^-mbue`

the To`-Mbue` daimones

13:2

Mua^n-lu`>-go^-ssa`w

the Ndo`-Kyu`> daimones

13:3

To’-ssu^-k>o^-nu:`-ma`

the To’- Ndo` daimones

13:4

Go`-ku:^-go`-mbue`

the Ku:`-Ts>u` daimones

the Lu:`-Ts>u` daimones

13:5

Na`n-z^i^-dso^-bu^

the Te`r-La^ daimones

13:6

Yu`-ndzi^-a^>-dzi^

the Ts>u`-Yu` daimones

Gu^>G-ku`>-lu:^-le`r

the Nyi^- O^ daimones

13:8

O^-ma^>-mi^u-no^ (the father was O^-p>e’r-mua^n-ndu:`)

the O^-Ts>u` daimones of quarrel, slander, and gossip

296

entities which, "In the beginning of time" [p. 295], came forth

14:1

the evil Na`-pa^

14:2

T>a’-pa^

14:3

Lo`-gu`>

14:4

Gu`>-ssa’w-ssa’w

14:5

the 4 sons & 5 daughters of trouble & quarrel

14:6

the Nu:^-t>o-lu:^-be^r, 9 rocks of trouble & quarrel

14:7

who had created hu’, pu’, dshi^, go`, & ssu’

origins of trouble & quarrel

__ was bringer of trouble and quarrel

to __

15:1

stars & moon

yak & pig; & one’s relatives

296-7

15:2

hound with white feet

horse with white hooves

297

15:3

"the rock of trouble and quarrel fell upon the earth from heaven"

people

who fought against whom

the __

fought against __

15:4

mountain

valley

house

cliff

flat land

hill

rice

wheat

people of the white land

people of the black land

16:1

yak

tigre

16:2

tigre’s father

tigre’s son

16:3

ancestor Ta’-tsa’n-ts>o^-za`w

people of Ssu’ clan

16:6

man-soldiers

man-soldiers

woman-soldiers

woman-soldiersr

298

functions lacking (in mythic era)

17:5

"one conflict or one quarrel would not come to an end in ten days." {so, are there since then 10 Commandments for 10-day cycle?}

17:6

"No green grass grew where poor people dwelt."

17:7

"cremation was not performed"

18:1

"the morning star could not be seen"

"Turfs of grass could not be taken out of the grassland."

18:2

"the headless black demons in their thousands could not [walk]." [(18:4) Instead, "The headless black demon rode the donkey across the horizon."] {cf. Kemetian ‘horizon’ as death-realm}

18:5

headman had no cattle." {confiscated from quarrellers?}

299

18:6

food was not offered to gods Ndu` and Ssa`>."

Ts>o`, the ancestor of humans, as originator of epidemics

19:4

As soon as K>o^-ki`-k>o^-lo^zo^ "in heaven blew the yak horn three times and beat the drum three times, Ts>o` had to cut down three forests and fetch the water of three rivers. That caused the flood.

... The Nde^r demons of epidemics came forth among the cattle.

19:5

People have since suffered from illnesses such as winter jaundice and summer intestinal pain.

The crops have since had diseases such as blanched rice and broken-leaf wheat."

300

who fought against whom, ever since the Nu:^-t>o’-lu:^-be^r (nine rocks of trouble and quarrel) came forth

the __

fought against __

20:2

white people

black people

Ss^ people

Ha^w people

20:3

god Du`

daimon-chief Ssu`

antient hero Do`-ssa’w-no^-tu:^

the Ssu` Naga

20:4

the caelestial P>e`r sons who created heaven

the Du:` daimones

the terrestrial Ssa`n sons who created earth

Mu^n daimones

20:5

god Ha`>

the Ts>u` daimones

the Ho` clan

Ma`> clan

20:6

the Ssu’ clan

Yu` clan

20:7

the domestic animal

the feral animal

20:8

"On the land between the white land of the gods and the lack land of the demons, three plum trees grew silver, golden, turquoise and carnelian flowers."

who fought each other, ever since [21:2] "When the rock of trouble and quarrel fell from heaven, the black hawk flew from the tree."

21:3

hens

cocks

21:4

sons

fathers

mothers

21:5

neighbors

301

the 1^st murder, ever since which animals have fought for flesh

22:3

god Du` killed the daimon Ssu` "by stabbing his flesh and shedding his blood in a jar." {cf. Malay confinement of daimon-insects to jars}

22:4

That daimon’s flesh "was scattered to join ... the white clouds where the cranes did not fight."

in the __(region)

__ have fought for flesh

22:5

high snow mountains

leopard & tigre

23:1

hills where the bracken-fern groweth

elk & serow

23:2

forest

feral swine & bear

23:3

mountains where the pine-tree groweth

deer & musk-deer

302

23:4

valley where there is pine-wood

stone-pheasant & white-pheasant

23:5

field & grassland

fox & wildcat

23:6

lake

fish {cf. insect-bait "fly" in fishing}

disposition of the daimon’s flesh (brought by the "messenger bat" [carnivorous? – or insectivorous if the daimon were an insect?]), enabling manufacture of weaponry :-

the flesh of the daimon was brought to __

where those denizens cut down __

in order to make __

23:7

the white gate of the land Bod.

3 white oak forests

strong bows

23:8

the red gate of the Nda^w-du`> of the black people.

3 pine forests

strong crossbows

24:1

alpine meadows

3 forests

100 kot.i spears

24:2

land where oak-trees grew

3 forests of oak

100 kot.i suits of armor

24:3

alpine meadow where yellow bamboo grew

the bamboo

1,000 arrows

24:4

The flesh of the daimon by brought by a daimon "across the black spur.

The Dzi^ and Ts>o` people fought with each other . The three sons of Ts>o` were dead.

24:5

The butterflies fought for the flesh and the blood" of the daimon.

303

when in the beginning of time, when the P>e`r (who created the heaven) and the Ssa`n (who created the earth) came into being :-

the __ came forth

when the __ had not as yet come forth

25:1

human world

the daimones

25:2

Na^w & Wu` spirits

Du:` & Dsa`> daimones

25:3

gods O` & Ha`>

C^>o’u & Dshi^ daimones of slander, quarrel, abuse, and insult

thefts of animals by deities, such that "The hawk gave a cry." :-

the __

stole __

and tied it under the __ tree

the __ struck the tree

25:6-7

1,000 headless black daimones

white horse

spruce

thunder

26:1-2

son of god Du`

goat

yellow oak

earthquake

losses of property :-

the __

lost __

303-4

26:3

the 9 caelestial sons who created heaven

axes, in the mountain of the O^-daimones, where there were 9 forests

304

26:4

the 7 terrestrial daughters who created earth [who wished "to feed the fish in the water of the O^" daimones – 26:5]

cups, in the water of the O^ daimones

26:7

the 9 caelestial sons

turquoise

27:2

the 7 terrestrial daughters

gold

27:3

the 9 La^ deities

white armor

27:4

great god Ha`>

9 white-hoofed horses

27:5

the 9 Boa^ people

white jackets, on a crossraod

27:6

people

yaks

305

28:2

people

white sheep

28:7

Nyi^, O^, K>u^, Mbu^, Kyi’, and Tkyi^ daimones were all released.

p.

text

312a

sent to heaven to beseech To^-mba` S^i’-lo^, is La^-wu’-la`-ssa`w-zo^ [the messenger-god who "is said to live on the meat of the unicorn, to carry an ever-burning torch and a bag full of food that never empties, and to ride on a white horse in company with the bat Ha`-yi^-dzi^-boa^-p>e`r, mounted on a female garud.a-bird." (p. 314b)]

objects given to To^-mba` S^i’-lo^

by __

was given __

by 4 deities (Na^w, Wu`, O^, Ha^>) in the 18^th heaven

ta^-be^r-le`r (d.amaru) hand-drum as big as the sun

ds^-le`r cymbal as big as the moon

green jade drum o` ha`r nda^w-k>o`

312a-b

white conch-shell du:^-p>e`r

312b

99 scriptures

his own father La`-bu^-t>o-ko’

jewel-mounted hat [helmet] with a iron top

his own mother Ssa^w-za`w-le`r-dzi’ Gyi^-mu^n

black boots that can conquer ["trample" (p. 315a)] all daimones

the 3 drums made by the very wise deity Mi^u-khu`>, each drum being made out of the pine trees, which only he could see, at mt. Nyu`-na’-s^i’-lo^

altitude on that mt. of the trees

animal whose skin became its drum-head

__ nda^w-k>o` drum

was beaten toward world of the __

top

green dragon

green jade

gods

middle

golden elephant

golden

humans

foot

p. 314a black pig La`>-tkhi^-ssi^-p>u^ "which was the king of the ghosts"

blackish jade

ghosts

further ritual objects

location of its origination

object

314a

Pumi tribe in the south

cymbal made by 9 skillful silversmiths

oceans A’>-dsa^>-go^-dsa^> Khu’> & Go^-dsa^>-lu:^-yu`> Khu’>

conch-shell to be blown

314b

ocean Mua^n-lu’>-nda^-gyi` Khu’>

conch-shell to be fashioned by Ku:’-szi^-nyi^-szi^, and threaded by a lady who dwelt at the sources of the river Ta`-gyi`, into necklaces (worn only by those to^-mba` who have reached their 61^st year -- p. 315a)

pupils of To^-mba` S^i’-lo^ who descended with him from heaven

T>a’-bu^-t>a`

Szu`-bu^-t>a`

P>o^>-bo^>-mi^-c^>i’-di^-do^-t>a`

p.

text

318a

the 2 creation-sequences

from a primal __ egg

white

black

is hatched a __ hen

white

black

who layeth 9 pairs of __ eggs

white

black

when are hatched both __

the deities

all daimones

and __

to^mba` & lu^>-bu`

the tribes (Yi, Pumi, Eya, Na-xi)

events immediately following the double-creation

heaven & earth [are separated], [by god Ndu` & goddess Ssa`> (p. 318b)]

heaven & earth are mutually stabilized [held apart] "by means of a central prop, the universal mountain" Nyu`-na’-s^i’-lo’ ("the huge mountain of S^i’-lo’ ")

318b

"From the breath of heaven and the steam of the earth three dew drops are generated which form a lake."

Out of this lake emergeth a being whose descendants in the sixth generation are Ts>o`. together with his 4 brethren & 6 sistren.

2 of these sistren committed incest with 1 of the brethren, namely with Lu’>-Gu>G-k>wua`, who caught in a trap Bu`-nyi’-s^i`-du:’ (‘pig with yellow snout’) belonging to Ndu`, knocked down Ndu` "with a plough" {cf. Hala-yudha ‘having ploughshare as weapon’ = Sam-kars.ana = Bala-rama}, and beat up Saa`> "with her own walking stick."

318-20

the 2 "drums" (that of K>wua` being properly a "belly-float", as discussed on p. 330 – it may be noted that pig-skin is air-tight, and is used for inflated footballs, where other animals skins would not retain the air so well) [-- text on p. 319; variants on p. 329 from variant text on pp. 322-328]

318b

made by __

Ts>o`

K>wua`

from (as material) __

9 [var. 1] yak-skins [9 for a coracle, not needed for a "drum" (p. 331a)]

1 pig-skin [var. of Bu`-nyi’-s^i`-du:’]

drum [var. belly-float] sewn with __

small needle & large thread

large needle & small thread

and tied with 3 ropes

[var. by 1 rope of iron, 1 rope of hide, 1 ordinary rope] {cf. ropes tying the toddler Dama-udara (‘rope-belly’ brother of Hala-yudha) between 2 trees of different species}

[var. by 1 rope of iron, 2 ordinary ropes]

to a __ on one side

juniper-bush

oak-tree [var. chestnut-tree]

and a __ on the other side

fir-tree [var. spruce-tree]

pine-tree

with, as inserts into it, the objects __

9 or 10 kinds of grains, goats, hounds, chickens [var. silver goat & golden sheep, golden chicken & golden hound]

(useless things) [var. (bad things)]

320a

result :

navigated through deluge in the sealed ship; Ts>o` afterwards emerge by cutting a hole though the ship with a sword [var. long knife]

was struck by lightning at outset of deluge {cf. destruction of Dvaraka by deluge}

wooden people {cf. wooden people in the Popol Vuh}

320a

"Ts>o` ... took a bow three steps long ..." {cf. Pinaka bow of Pinakin = Pinochio}

320b

"the god Ndu` ... modelling for him some human-like beings from rhododendron wood. They have tongues but cannot speak; they have eyes but cannot see; they have arms but cannot move them. ,,,

And in anger he hurls one of the wooden statues against a cliff where it turns into the Echo."

"several pairs of offspring" of Ts>o` and his wife dwelling "high up in heaven on the cliffs right under the stars", she having her eyen "standing vertically one above the other" {as, apparently, in a flounder viewed from the wrong perspective?}

pine & oak

pig & bear

monkey & chicken

snake & frog

marriage of Ts>o` to daughter of Dzi^

at the "border" between the white land of the gods and the black land of the daimones, the daughter of Dzi^ came in the form of a white crane to carry Ts>o` upward into heaven,

where he was met and was put through suitability-tests by Dzi^, passing them.

Dzi^ thereupon sent off the couple back to earth, supplied with a copious dowry :-

9 riding-horses

7 pack-horses

9 pairs of oxen for ploughing

7 pairs of oxen for raking [harrowing] the fields

9 to^-mba`

7 lu^>-bu`

many grains

They "descend via a silver ladder and a golden chain down to earth".

in order to heal the chief’s wife.

on account of his impoverished looks,

A’>-mi` Shi’-lo` boarded his drum and crossed the river safely."

Mila invited To^-mba` S^i’-lo^ "to a competition : the one who would be the first to reach the top of the high mountain" S^i’-lo^ Nyu’-gu:^ (Nyu`-n’-s^i’-lo^ Nyu`) "in the far western lands, the place where the sky and the earth meet, would get all the books that were hidden there ...

Mila started out in the middle of the night, riding on his drum called nda^w-k’o`, while" To^-mba` S^i’-lo^ "waited until the early hours of the morning, taking the first ray of the sun as his vehicle to ride up to the mountain top. Although the method he used was very efficient, he had to concede that Mila ... arrived on the mountain [summit] just before him ..."

This was the origin of the pictographs."

p.

exploit

338a

"Naro Bonchung (Nar Bon, Naru Bon, Nharu Bon or Nara Bon Chen in the different renderings) {cf. NARBONNe, Langue d’ Oc} is ... replaced ... by Dunsur Bon (Tu~sur Bon, Dungsur Bon or Dhungsro Bon), whom the Tamang venerate as the mythical founder of their own bombo tradition."

338a-b

"Playing his drum Nara is propelled up the mountain, while Guru Rin-poche (Padmasambhava), changing himself into a vulture, catches up with his opponent right below the peak,

338b

tripping him and causing him to fall into a bed of nettles. {Howbeit, it was not Padma-sambhava, but Mila-raspa, who throve by eating nettles!}

Enraged, Nara inflicts upon Guru Rinpoche a swarm of bees which sting his face ..."

the drum of the bombo is heard to resound ... overturned, right over the head ... {cf. Norse myth of kettle worn over head as helmet}

While Dunsur is fighting with a sea-monster at the bottom of the lake, his ... consort, the "witch of the four primordial bombo", follows his drumming instructions in the wrong way. Instead of hitting the drum from the violent side ([from] inside - out), she beats it in the peaceful and mild direction (from outside – in), thus causing him to lose his battle and die."

p.

legend

340b

"one of their legendary shamans or tuan kung after having obtained sacred books, took a rest on his way back home fell asleep. When he woke up, he realized that the books were already in the sheep’s stomach. ...

341a

A golden haired monkey ... advised the desolate shaman to purchase the sheep, eat up the sheep all by himself and make a drum its its skin".