"Exorcistic Performers and Chinese Religion in Twentieth-Century Taiwan"

pp. 97-99 Jia-jian personnel

p.

title

facial make-up

hat

gown

in left hand

in right hand

97

Punishment Bearer

(unpainted)

   

board painted with carp

board painted with tigre

 

Civil Messenger

white with red-&-green markings

 

yellow

fan

tablet of god

 

Military Messenger

white with 2 pairs of black fins & tails; red lips

 

yellow tigre-pattern

trident-flag

fan

 

Gan-ye

red on left, black on right; white striations

with gold colors, red balls on wires, and glass beads

white (with blue dragon painted on right arm)

fan

split-bamboo staff

 

Liu-ye

white with black Y-shaped devil-catchers

(similar to Gan-ye’s)

black (with blue tigre painted on left shoulder)

split-bamboo staff

fan

98

Da-ye (Xie jian-jun)

white; downward-tilting mouth; double bat-face with wings; wavy black-&-red striations

tall white

white

fan

Y-shaped stock

 

Er-ye (Fan jian-jun

brown or purple, with S & reversed S

black or dark-blue

black (with butterfly painted on left shoulder)

squarish tigre-board

fan

 

Spring (He-ye)

red forehead with dragon-horns; lower face green

with broad front, but without back

caerulean

fan

bucket

 

Summer (Z^an-ye)

red, with white fire-like design on forehead

(similar to Spring’s)

red, usually scarlet

fire-pot

fan

 

Autumn (Xu-ye)

black with tigre-markings

(similar to Spring’s)

black or dark-green

fan

cudgel

 

Winter (Zao-ye)

double gourd, black-&-white with red

(similar to Spring’s)

dark-green or black

snake (either real or artificial)

fan

99

Civil Justice

(various)

black with front brim

long black

fan

book-&-brush

 

Military Justice

(various, often red)

(matching hat)

long black

mace

fan

{with Winter’s snake, cf. Hopi snake-holding dancers : "They shall take up serpents" (Gospel according to Mark 16:18)}

[cf. variants of order of performers on p. 235, Figure 6.4]

p. 169, Figure 5.1 -- the 5 Jia-jian schools

school

dance-style

ritual

face-painting

musical accompaniment

Don-gan (old White Dragon Shrine)

simple, paired, vigorous

lay inauguration

expert (red-black-&-white only)

punishment-boards beat time

Ma-dou / Jia-li (San-wu-jia)

back-step, back-to-back pass

minimal

idiosyncratic

kettledrum

Jia-yi Gon-ji-tan (city-god)

developed; circling

lay installation

expert (colorful)

cymbal & gong

Fen-s^an / Qi-s^an

intimate, undeveloped

Daoist inauguration

casual

octagonal Daoist drum

Jia-ji Palace of Merciful Salvation (Ci-ji-gon)

minimal, circling; high step

Daoist exorcism

expert

cymbal & drum

p. 333, n. 2:23 order of march

costume for pair

one of pair

other of pair

tigre-pattern vest

Wu-c^ai

Wen-c^ai

magenta/black, with pink skirts

Suo

Jia

green

S^en

tall, white-hatted C^en

orange

Liu

Gan

--

Fan (black-costumed)

Xie (white-costumed)

pp. 308-311 (Appendix A) -- divinities (beginning with gods of the 5 sacred peaks, who were incarnated) at Bai-lon-an (‘White Dragon Shrine’) in Fu-z^ou praefecture

p.

mountain (__-s^an)

deity ("__ Perfected Lord")

incarnation

308

central (Son)

Yellow Origin Great Brightness Containing Truth

S^i of An-xi

 

eastern (Tai)

Supreme Numinous Caerulean Brightness Director of Life

Z^an of Jin-jian

 

southern (Hen)

Felicitous Splendor Purple Brightness

Z^on of Hui-an

 

western (Hua)

Western Peak Plain Brightness Effulgent Spirit (bo) Great Lightness

Liu of Nan-an

 

northern (Hen)

Medicine without Fear, al. dic. Sacred Peak Act-without-Extremeness

Z^ao of Ton-an

 

the Xia-lai-an version commenceth here

 

(beginning with the 5 chief ministers of the Plague Ministry; followed by the 10 [should be "15"] Generals before the Sedan)

 

Lord of Efficacious __ (__-lin)

hui

zi

born in __ hour

of __ day

of __ month

and weareth __ gown

309

Appearance (Xian) Z^an

S^i

Yuan-bai

Zi

10th

7th of jia-zi

yellow

 

Response (Yin) Z^on

Lin

S^i-xiu

Yin

10th

4th of bin-yin

blue-green

 

Declaration (Xuan) Liu

Zi-min

Yuan-da

You

3rd

3rd of yi-si

red

 

Exertion (Z^en) Z^ao

Jun-wu

Guan-min

Yi

15th

3rd of din-mao (?)

white

 

Display (Yan) S^i

C^en

Wen-ye

Hai

1st

9th of c^ou-xin

black

           
 

Perfected Lord __

hui

zi

born in __ hour

of __ day

of __ month

in __ county

 

Enhanced Goodness of the Flying Yan Dark Perspicacity (as Civil Messenger C^en)

Ji-xian

Yi-di

Zi

6th

6th

Fu-qin

309-10

Benevolent Vacuity of the Wind Abundant (as Military Messenger Huan)

Yin

 

Xu

12th

9th

Min

310

5 Efficacies Bright Star (as Bi Z^on-jun)

Z^on

 

Yin

15th

8th

C^an-le

 

Auspicious Conjunction (as Great General ‘Cangue’)

Yu-hui

 

C^ou

19th

5th

Gu-tian

 

Pure Origin Miraculous Way (as Great General ‘Lock’)

S^en-ji

 

S^en

2nd

4th

Lian-jian

 

World-Surpassing Great Perspicacity Conversion (as Holding the Left Punishments Great God Gan)

Pen-fei

Yi-jin

Zi

12th

7th

Yon-fu

 

Miraculous Perspicacity Embracing the Forests (as Holder of the Right Punishments Great God Liu)

Yu

Da-di

Mao

13th

5th

Yon-fu

 

Ever-Calm Reverence for the Way (as Great God Seizer Xie)

Hon

 

Hai

14th

6th

Luo-yuan

 

Virtuous Faith Reverence to the Way (as Great God Capturer Fan)

Da

 

Wu

8th

8th

C^an-le

 

Pure Heart (as Great God Spring)

Qin Xi-mei

 

S^en

1st

2nd

Pin-nan

310-1

Upright (?) Conduct (as Great God Summer Z^ou)

Wen-qi

 

Zi

1st

5th

Gu-tian

311

Dark Purity Enduring Hardship (as Great God Autumn)

Di S^i-si

 

Mao

1st

8th

C^an-le

 

Penetrating Wisdom (as Great God Winter)

Don Fu-di

 

Xu

1st

11th

(capital)

 

Martial Virtue High Emperor (as Pan Military Justice)

Yuan-z^i

 

Xu

11th

3rd

Fu-qin

 

Follow Transformation Minimize the Primal (as Kan Chief Justice)

Zi-dian

 

Hai

23rd

9th

Min

p. 329, n. 1:49 interior universe ("Inverting his pupils in meditation, making the eyes the sun and moon, the Master is able to see an interior universe.") according to Lao-zi Z^on-jin (‘Lao-zi’s Book of the Centre’) [2nd century Chr.E. ?] :-

location in body

its correlative in physical universe

head

mountain-range surrounding a lake

forehead

mirror (with 9-roomed Hall of Lights)

nose

valley, down which a stream bringeth water

ears

2 towers

tongue

bridge crossing that stream

trachea

12-storeyed tower

breasts

sun & moon

lungs

clouds

heart

Scarlet Palace

spleen

Yellow Courtyard – a sacred praecint wherein the body’s divine inhabitants meet

stomach

Granary

liver

forest

intestines

altars of the gods of the soil and of the harvest

kidneys

yin & yan

[bladder]

Ocean of Breaths, with giant tortoise

umbilicus

the inverted, mushroom-shaped mt. of Kun-lun

?

Field of Cinnabar

?

Gate of Destiny

p. 346, n. 5:3 numeric groups

tai-ji (‘Supreme Ultimate’)

lian-yi (‘Two Sides’)

san-he (‘Three Unities’)

si-xian (‘Four Manifestations’)

wu-xin (‘Five Phases’)

liu-duan (‘Six Breaks’)

qi-xin (‘Seven Stars’)

ba-gua (‘Eight Trigrams’)

jiu-gon (‘Nine Palaces’)

HARVARD EAST ASIAN MONOGRAPHS, 218 = Donald S. Sutton : Steps of Perfection. Harvard U Asia Center, Cambridge (MA), 2003.