Daoist Communities & Public Worship
pp. 375-376 the Yellow Turbans
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feature |
in the east |
in the west |
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supreme chief |
p. 375 t>ien-kun c^ian-c^u:n (‘Heaven Lord General’) |
p. 376 t>ien-s^ih-c^u:n (‘Heavenly Instructor ["Master"] Lord’) |
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# of districts, each |
36 |
24 c^ih (‘metropoles’) |
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governed by __ |
Fan (‘Magician’ = General) |
c^ih-tou (‘metropolitan’) |
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inferior ranking |
p. 375 kuei-tsu: (‘daimon-soldiers’) = new converts |
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kuei-min (‘daimon-people’) = laity |
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kuei-li (‘daimon-officers’) = clergy, who were in 2 grades:- |
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(1) c^ien-lin (‘commander of the perverse’ {cf. deacon}) who said prayers for the sick |
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p. 376 (2) c^i-c^iu (‘libationer’, making "libations of wine" {cf. priest taking wine as communion}) |
p. 377 "Prisons, abolished for ordinary crimes, had been reestablished by Chang Hsiu for the sick; they were called Recusion Houses …, and the sick were sent there to reflect on their sins."
p. 378 achievement in Embryonic Respiration
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rank |
masculine title |
feminine title |
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beginners |
Tao-nan (‘Sons of the Way’) |
Tao-nu: (‘Daughters of the Way’) |
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higher rank |
Nan-kuan (‘Man Wearing the Cap’) |
Nu:-kuan (‘Woman Wearing the Cap’) |
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yet-higher rank |
Tao-fu (‘Way-Father’) |
Tao-mu (‘Way-Mother’) |
p. 377 This practice of Embryonic Respiration was established by C^an Lu [who had "killed and replaced" (p. 375) his brother C^an C^ieh], who in this was[, according to Maspero,] "only imitating the eastern churches".
p. 380 semi-annual festivals in the regulations of the 3 C^an, according to the Erh-c^iao Lun (‘Dissertation on the 2 Religions’) by Tao-an, in Kuan Hun-min C^i, cap. 8, 140c; cf. Hsiao-tao Lun 149a
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at aequinoctes |
at solstices |
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offerings to Kitchen-god & to Earth-god |
Sacrifices to the dead |
"for the "contracts with the Earth God" … the believer purchased a piece of land from the Earth God for his tomb".
pp. 380-387 the 6 Lin-pao c^ai (‘Fasts of the Sacred Jewel’)
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p. |
__ C^ai (‘festival ["fast"] of the __) |
its ritual |
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380-1 |
San-kuan (‘3 Agents’) |
3 copies of names of the sick were deposited:- 1 each on: mountain-top, in the earth, and in water |
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381-2 |
T>i-t>an (‘Mud [&] Soot’) |
face is smeared with soot; persons are linked together; hair is dishevelled and in is kept in mouth; forehead is smeared with soot {cf. Ash Wednesday} [see also pp. 384-5] |
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383 |
C^in-lu (‘Golden Talisman’) |
3 concentric enclosures, respectively 45, 33, & 24 feet to a side, each raised 2 feet highest than the praeceding |
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Huan-lu (‘Yellow Talisman’) |
one enclosure, 24 feet to a side |
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386 |
Ho-c^>i (‘Union of the Breaths’) |
obscoene prayer in the Huan-s^u (‘Yellow Writing’), which (p. 386, fn. 32) "allegedly goes back to the Yellow Turbans." |
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387 |
the 3 Majesties |
{with this Mud-Soot penance cf. "often he rolls around in mire nude, confessing [exagoreuei]" (DE 168D7 – DG, p. 150, fn. 29)}
DE = Ploutarkhos : De Superstitione.
DG = Richard J. Bautch : Developments in Genre. Brill, 2003.
p. 388 -- 21 kinds of different Fasts are counted in the San-tun Fen-tao-ke, in YCCC, cap. 37, 10a
p. 389 transfiguration of the souls of the dead
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by means of __ |
the souls of the dead __ |
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"grasping the Principle of the life of Spontaneity" |
"are raised to the Southern Palace" ("Palace of the Southern Summit") |
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"broth of liquid fire" |
"the material of their phantoms is refined" |
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the Caelestial Venerable of the Beginning creating "a body for them": |
this goeth up to the Palace of Aeternal Life |
p. 389 burial, with a corpse, of silk with "written characters" on it; and (p. 390) with symbolic objects -- according to the Hsiao-tao Lun, 52, 146a
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p. 389 __ of silk |
for __ |
p. 390 symbolic object |
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a roll |
The Son of Heaven |
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10 feet |
kings & dignitaries |
dragon-effigy made of 5 ounces of gold |
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5 feet |
commoners |
of iron and 5 5-colored stones |
p. 390 "When food has been offered at the sanctuary (of the dead person's tablet) for thirty-two years, he comes back into his form and is reborn."
pp. 391-395 evolution of conception of the gods
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denomination |
p. 395, fn. 53 Kuo-S^ih ('State-Instructor') |
p. 391 Yellow Turbans |
pp. 391-2, fn. 48 Lin-pao ('Sacred Jewel') |
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founder |
Liu Hsin |
C^an Tao-lin |
Lu Hsiu-c^in |
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date of founder |
Wan-man -- a little before beginning of Ch.E. |
[eastern] Han |
late in 5th century Ch.E. |
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continuator |
Yin Hsi (= Wen-s^ih) |
C^an Lu |
Sun Wen-min -- early 6th century Ch.E. |
p. 395, fn. 53 The Wen-s^ih C^uan ("Wen S^ih Biography"), also called Wu-s^an C^en-jen Kuan-lin Nei-c^uan ("Without-Superior Perfect-Man Governor-of-the-Passes Esoteric-Biography"), "contained a detailed account of Yin Hsi's journey to the West, following Lao-tzu. This work was attributed to the Master of the Valley of Ghosts," Kuei-ku Hsien-s^en.
p. 395 the 13 successive existences of Lao-tzu -- list, with variants, in:-- Hua-hu C^in ("Books of the Conversion of the Barbarians") (quoted in:- San-tun C^u-nan [= TT 782], cap. 9, 6b); as well as in the Kao-s^an Lao-tzu Pen-c^i and in the Hsu:an-c^un C^i, quoted together in the Yi-c^>ieh Tao-c^in Yin-yi ("Glossary of All the Taoist Books" = TT 760) 9a-b.
p. 400 Amongst the curiosities in the palace of the T>ien-s^ih ('Caelestial Master') at the foot of mt. T>ien-mu, in Kian-si province, is "a long row of jars full of captive demons, whom he had disarmed and put into bottles so as to prevent them from committing new misdeeds". {cf. <arabi^ reputed imprisonment of Jnun in bottles, a magical technique still practiced in Malaya -- did it come into vogue among the Muslim sorcerers from the examplary of Daoists resident in Malaya?}
Henry Maspero (translated from the French by Frank A. Kierman, Jr.): Taoism and Chinese Religion. U of MA Pr, Amherst, 1981. pp. 373-399