Maya (in Canpec^e) acupuncture

diagnosis

mode

comparative

p. 69 sas-tu`n (glass ball)

[non-indigenous]

pp. 69-70 egg

cf. Daoist & Bon

entrails of animal

widespread: in Near East, etc.

p. 70 "strips forty grains off the corn ... while invoking the gods": "factors include ... if the grains land in pairs or odd numbers"

description by Russian divination by "forty-one beans": "predictions ... will be favorable if the number of beans is uneven, unfavorable if the number is even." (BM, p. 114)

p. 71 burning copal "to see ... if the smoke makes spirals, rises straight, or disperses horizontally."

African

pp. 71-72 floating needles on water

 

acupuncture-needles (p. 109)

Maya names of needles

translation

ix hun pudzub kik

the needle which bleedeth

ix hun pudzub olom

the needle which freeth the blood

[ta "lancet", RB, p. 46]

 

[tah, "splinter", RB, p. 151 -- for acupressure?, cf. wooden acupuncture pegs, ChDT]

 
 

spine of henequen plant

 

spine of zubi`n plant

 

spine from tail of manta rayfish

 

spine from tail of lebisa rayfish

 

spine from tail of xtoon rayfish

 

fang of rattlesnake

 

tusk of peccary

 

beak of carpenter-bird

 

quill of porcupine

the first two of these names are from the Ritual of the Bacabob

forms of acupuncture (pp. 110-111)

type of acupuncture

function

where applied

type of needles used

hup

puncture without drawing blood

fold of skin (produced by pinching)

fang of rattlesnake

hup

acupressure (not penetrating skin)

 

spur of wild turkey

tok

to draw blood

"fifty points"

spine of rayfish

acupuncture-points [X = used in Maya acupuncture]

Maya name [treament]

translation, etc.

Chinese name

translation

location

function

tok lu ni (p. 111) [tok: lebiza-spine]

tok of the nose

yin-tan (p. 112)

sigil hall

between eyebrows

to give clarity to the mind

[hup: deer fat] (p. 113)

X

tian-tu

heaven's prominence

suprasternal notch

to cure chronic asthma

 

(p. 114)

xuan-ji

North Star

superior sternum

ditto

 

X

yu-x -hon

amid elegance

1st intercostal

ditto

 

X

s^en-can

spirit's storage

2nd intercostal

ditto

 

X

lin-xu

spirit's ruins

3rd intercostal

ditto

 

X

s^en-fen

spirit's sigil

4th intercostal

ditto

 

X

bu-lan

stepping-corridor

5th intercostal

ditto

 

X

s^u-fu

hollow residence

shoulder crease

ditto

[rattlesnake-fang: deer fat] (p. 115)

"ear opens"

yi-fen

medicine wind

below mastoid process

to cure tinnitus (ringing in the ears)

   

fen-c^i

pool of wind

   
 

X

ren-z^on / s^ui-gou

philtrum

depression above upper lip

headache (Maya), apoplexy (China)

 

X

c^en-jian

receiving fluid (p. 116)

inside lower lip

to cure toothache

[manta-spine] (p. 116)

tympanic sound

tou-wei

head support

1st hairs on the temple

c^iba pool: headache due to wind (Maya), vertigo (China)

 

X

s^en-tin

spirit's hall

hairline of forehead

ditto

[manta-spine]

X

han-yan

jaw's dislike

temporal hairline

ditto

[tok]

vapor bath

si-z^u-kon (p. 117)

silken bamboo hollow

outer end of eyebrow

 
 

(p. 117)

hou-din

 

behind top of head

fontanel of child (Maya), epilepsy (China)

 

X

qi-an-din

 

before top of head

ditto

 

X

     

ditto

 

X

     

ditto

 

X

si-du

four ditch

between ulna and radius

to cure shoulder pain

 

(p. 118)

xiao-hai

small sea

interior aspect of elbow, cubital

to cure rheumatism in the shoulders

 

where wind in the body is stored

ye-men

fluid's door

between outer two fingers

to cure stiffness in the hand

 

X

z^on-z^ou

middle island

hand, dorsal, between 4th & 5th metacarpals

to cure pain in arm

 

(p. 119)

da-z^ui

big vertebra

below protrusion of 7th cervical vertebra

to lower fever

[hup: pinched]

X

da-s^an-s^u

large intestine's hollow

below 4th lumbar vertebra

manu hana "sounding of indigestion" (Maya), stomach energy (China)

 

X

zu-san-li

"Three More Miles"

below kneecap, in hollow

to cure swelling of legs & feet

 

(p. 120)

lian-qiu

ridge mound

above knee, on outer thigh

rheumatism in legs (Maya), stiffness in knees (China)

 

X

jie-xi

release stream

below inferior end of tibia

to cure pain in feet

[pinched]

X

nei-tin

inner court

between 2nd & 3rd toes

nightmares (China)

 

(p. 121)

jin-jin

 

2 sublingual points

epilepsy (Maya), convulsions (China)

[point of the ci ("maguey"), RB, p. 12, MS. p. 32]

     

[tongue (in center?), RB, p. 12, MS. p. 32]

[erotic-seizure, RB]

p. 117 ""the air enters at the elbow and runs toward the shoulder"... a sort of canal connnects the points, and the wind runs through this canal." [According to the Navaho, the winds within the body enter at the rear of the top of the head, and exit as whirlwinds at the whorls on the finger-tips and toes (MIChW, pp. 83-84). In contrast, Lin S^u 17 and Nan Jin 23 "describe all channels running from the toes and fingers centripetally" (ChDT, p. 57).]

spiritual & wind-borne illnesses

pp. 178-183 Maya disease name

translation

p. 236 diagnosis

remedy

       

p. 177 Ee>k ic^ tabi

evil "eye"

 

p. 239 "protection amulet (oxo ak) ... with the seed ... ojo de venado or "deer's eye.""

__ maak

__ of a man

vomiting, white phlegm

 

__ kalan

__ of a drunk

   

__ xion kolee

__ of a praegnant woman

 

p. 238 "Burn the feathers of a vulture or parakeet beneath the child's hammock. This may cause the pregnant woman to lose her hair."

 

[__ of a breastfeeding woman]

 

p. 238 leaves of bitter orange

__ balc^e>

__ of an animal

   

A k>an

cry of the newborn

 

p. 243 "the mother swings the child up and down nine times."

Ho>ko [Ho> k>o, p. 242] k>iik tu tuc^

umbilical haemorrhage in newborns [infant having contact with "woman who has just had {sexual} intercourse and has not bathed ... The effect is produced by the semen that the woman carries within her {vagina}", p. 243]

 

p. 243 "In the trunk of the tree chaka` ... carve out a hole ... and put the child's foot in it."

U xu>uy pool

whirlwind in the head

   
       

p. 178 Pul Bah, Tzibola>: C^upul yo>ola __

"desire for"

   

__ poc^

__ food

[tuza (large rodent) meat: skin-pocks "hollows and holes"; armadillo meat: skin tough spots, p. 244]

p. 245 "saliva ... on the skin"

__ xi wak koole

__ a man or a woman [desire to "pinch their belly", p. 245]

[infection on thumb, p. 245]

p. 245 "make nine passes ... thumb into the excrement"

       

p. 178 Meya k>as: Men bi __

witchcraft: "bewitching"

   

__ k>ini de hambi

__ of the food

   

__ k>imi yeteliik

__ by wind & spells

   

__ kasti solar

__ of the fields

   

__ kasti naal

__ of the house

   

__ kas yola

__ caused by envy

   
       
 

fear: "fright"

   

p. 178 Hak>iool

__ originating in the womb

   

Hak>ola

__ of the mother, which passeth to the child

   

Hasa ool

__ passed to the child inthe mother's milk

   

Xpak>i

__ in children & newborns

   

Sa>kil

__ caused by fear of older children

   

Pask>il

chronic __ in children

   

Xa>k>ool

susceptibility to __

   

Lubawool

Loss of will, listlessness

   

Mak tzil

Restlessness of the spirit

   
       

K>ak> as ik>

evil wind: "whirlwind"

   

p. 178 Tu hentan ta iik>al

__

mouth becometh pursed, eyen grow small

 

__ k>an

__ of the snake

   

p. 179 __ xkaban

__ of the hummingbird

   

Suhuy __

small __ in the street

   

__ ibel

(putting on a hat, a snake appeareth)

   

Suhuy[-te>] ximbal iik>

tiny __s that pass = 2-headed snakes that pass below hammock

   
       

iik>

evil wind of / brought by __ (animal)

   

p. 179 __al xoc^

owl ["when the owl hoots it is pulling out the fingernails of one who is going to die." p. 248]

 

p. 250 "Kill an owl, remove it claws, ... and keep them."

__al koos

witch-bird: white east wind, black west wind, red south wind, yellow north wind

? movements like a bird's

p. 233 "Burn one feather from the coos bird" {crow?}

C^ak dzi dzib alkab __

cardinal (looked at through trees)

   

C^apat> __

centipede

   

C^imes __

yellow centipede

   

Ooc^ __

emmet

   

p. 180 Alkab k>ok> ob __

snake or green iguana which talketh and laugheth like a woman

   

Sxhithits> (?) behi

little jumping field-mouse

   

C^o>

rat (children not sleeping)

   

Huantul (Huntul, p. 248) wakax __

cattle (chill & shivers)

   

__a eki pol keho>

wasps' nest lodgeth in antlers of a deer

   

__al keeh

deer ("very high fevers leading to death")

   

Kamaya> __

"black cat conjured by witchcraft"

   

Xtus __

little lizard (producing asphyxia by breathing air at a grave)

   
       

Iik>

other animals related to "wind"

   

p. 180 Xc^iwol alkab __

__ tarantula

   

p. 181 Sinaan ximbal __

__ scorpion

   

Xko>c^>iic^>[-alkab] __

bird of the evil __ (people go crazy after this bird flieth over them)

   

Tzaa kin

small insect with shrill cry which announceth the __

   
       

p. 181 Iik>

evil "wind" caused by spirits of places

   

K>akal __

__ of cuyo (stone burial mounds) [wind at 12 noon, 6 p.m., 5 a.m., p. 247]

   

__ k>aha>

__ of water (rain)

   

Rekai muyal

disease of the red cloud

   

K>ohani kabak (kakab, p. 250) __

__ produced by the aluxob (deities) -- hallucinations

 

p. 250 offer saka` as food for the aluxob

__al alux

__ of the alux

   
       

Iik>

winds from the 4 directions

   

p. 181 K>an c^ik>in

red-cloud west wind (wind of bile, affecting the will)

   

p. 182 Nohol __

south wind (beneficent)

   

Lak>in __

east wind

   

Xaman[-kan]

north wind (diseases of the eyen, headache)

   
       

p. 182

winds relating to the incompletion of a promise

   

Xlu muk, xk>a-muk ool

weak, exhausted (person's will returning when promise is fulfilled)

   

Hik>al hanli kol

food of milpa causing headache, fever, dejection

   
       

p. 182 (p. 53)

"eye of the" wind

   

k>a>am (k>a>an, p, 53)

__ cloudy sky

   

luum

__ earthly wind

   

yi ka ha>

__ water

stool blueish or white if thunder or white clouds

p. 241 uta C^aak (excrement of the god C^aak, an alga)

kiin

__ sun

in boys, right eye smaller than the left

 

mama uuh

__ moon

in girls, left eye smaller than the right

 

aluz (alux, p. 53)

__ alux [walking in countryside without shirt, p. 242]

[sleepiness during day, restlessness at night; "one often talks between waking and dreaming." p. 242]

p. 242 perform ke>h offering of egg

balam

__ spirit of wild places

   
       

p. 182

winds relating to curandero

   

Halac^ pac^ ik>

wind left by witches when they pass in the road

   
       

p. 183

winds that attack parts of the body: "air of the"

   

Hole ali

__ head

   

Zipit k>aak

__ genitals

   
       

p. 183

other winds

   

C^akiikal

air of praegnant women

   

Kubemba

insolent wind

   

Xpap iik>

wind which circulateth around the body and stingeth like chili pepper {cf. pap in RB, p. 138}

   

p. 246 each hmeen (shaman) "might have relations with 15 or so wind spirits."

prophylactics against wind illnesses

illness

prophylactic

Yi ka ha>

p. 241 necklace of contraojo fruit

Ho> k>o k>iik tu tuc^

p. 244 necklace with black thread & 18 spines of cazo`n (small shark)

p. 250 "Wahikol and lo>corral consist of a ceremony in which ... the performer spins 13 times to the right and then 13 to the left."

RB = Ralph L. Roys: Ritual of the Bacabs. U. of OK Pr, 1965.

MIChW = Maureen Trudelle Schwartz: Moulded in the Image of Changing Woman. U. of AZ Pr, 1997.

ChDT = Yoshio Manaka: Chasing the Dragon's Tail. Paradigm Publications, Brookline (MA), 1995.

BM = W. F. Ryan: The Bathhouse at Midnight. PA State U. Pr, 1999.

Herna`n Garci`a; Antonio Sierra; Gilberto Bala`m (translated by] Jeff Conant): Wind in the Blood. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 1999.

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Acupuncture is also a part of Mayan traditional medicine in Pete`n http://chinesetherapeutics.org/MagneticMoon.Aug2003.vol.2.1.html

and in Belize http://belize1.com/BzLibrary/trust556.htm

Similarities between Maya and Chinese acupunctures are described at :

http://www.gavinmenzies.net/pages/evidence-1421/content.asp?EvidenceID=398

http://chinesetherapeutics.org/MayanandChinesehealthsystemscompared.PDF

http://chinesetherapeutics.org/wordofthewind.PDF

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