alternative (double, two sets of) names in Astika cosmography:
evidently intended to be regarded as on reverse side (underside) of the world (antikhthonia, where everything is upside-down), realm of the Asura-s centered on mountain Ku-meru --
N.B.: the Asura-s assume the shape of emmets, as do the primaeval people (in some American Indian mythologies) or the people of the prophesied eschatology (in other American Indian mythologies); so the American Indian cosmographies should match up with these Astika alternative names. In particular:-
Aztec |
Astika |
Quetzal-coatl < *Kesar-kwal |
[Aztec /kw/ = Samskr.ta /h/] Kesari & Hala -- |
He is ehecatl "wind". |
Kesari is the (mythic) source of wind; |
He became an emmet. |
Hala is "plough". The plough was invented by the [Hellenic] emmet-goddess. |
deities who "evolved" the bodily organs -- BhP 3:6:
v. |
organ |
deity |
:12 |
mouth |
"Fire" |
:13 |
palate |
Hari |
:14 |
nostrils |
Vis.n.u |
:15 |
eyen |
"Sun" |
:16 |
skin (touch) |
Vayu |
:17 |
ears |
dik-pala-s |
:18 |
skin (itching) |
[Soma] god of plants |
:19 |
penis |
Ka |
:20 |
payu "anus" |
Mitra |
:21 |
hands (sales & purchases) |
Indra |
:22 |
feet |
Vis.n.u |
:23 |
intellect |
Brahma |
:24 |
heart ("mind") |
[Candra] "Moon" |
:25 |
[kriya] activity |
Rudra / Br.has-pati |
:26 |
sattva (= nad.i) |
Mahat |
bodily apertures as city -- BhP 4:25:
king |
friend, etc. |
gate |
visited |
& |
part of body |
|
:10 Puran-~jana (= jiva) |
:10 A-vijn~ata (= parama-atman) |
|||||
:47 |
Dyumant |
Vibhrajit "made splendid" |
Khadyota (fire-fly) |
Avir-mukhi |
eyen |
|
:48 |
Ava-dhuta |
Saurabha "perfume" |
Nalini |
Nalini |
nose |
|
:49 |
Mukhya |
Rasa-jn~a "flavor-knowing" & Vipan.a "market" |
Apan.a |
Bahu-dana |
tongue |
|
:50-51 |
S`ruta-dhara |
Pitr.-hu "ancestor-invoking" |
southern Pan~cala |
northern Pan~cala |
ears |
|
:52 |
Asuri |
Dur-mada "evil intoxication" |
Grama-ka |
penis aperture |
||
:53 |
Nivr.ti |
LUDHa-ka {[Hellenic] ELeUTheria "festival of male homosexuals"} |
Vais`asa |
anus |
||
: 54 Nirvak |
Pes`as-kr.ta |
:55 Vis.ucina ("chief attendant in harem") |
possessing no aperture |
east: mountains around:
Arun.a-uda -- VAP 78:11-12 |
Mandara -- LP 1:49:41-42 |
||
name |
meaning |
name |
meaning |
S`ita-anta |
|||
Kuran.d.a |
|||
Kurara |
|||
VI-KAnka |
wide humbug |
VI-KAra |
|
MAN.I-S`r.nga |
pearl horn |
MAN.I-S`aila |
pearl rock |
Su-patra |
good bowl |
||
Upala |
stone |
Vr.ks.a-vant |
|
MAHA-NILA |
great blue |
MAHA-NILA |
|
Kumbha |
vase |
Rucaka |
|
Su-VINDU |
good finding |
Sa-VINDU |
|
Madana |
maddening |
Dardura |
|
VEN.U-MAddha |
reed ... [madder?] |
VEN.U-MAnt |
|
Su-MEdas |
good marrow |
Sa-MEgha |
with cloud |
NIS.-ADHA |
without therefore |
NIS.-ADHA |
|
Deva-parvata |
divine mountain |
south: mountains around Manasa --
VAP 78:14-16 |
LP 1:49:45-46 |
||
name |
meaning |
name |
meaning |
S`aila |
rock |
||
Vi-s`iras |
|||
Tri-S`IKHARA |
triple pinnacle |
S`IKHARA |
|
S`is`ira |
winter |
||
Kapi |
monkey |
||
S`ata-maks.a |
hundred houseflies |
||
Tura-ga |
swiftly going |
||
Tamra-abha |
copper light |
||
Vis.a |
poison |
||
S`veta-udana |
white belly |
||
Sa-mula |
with roots |
||
Sarala |
straight / real |
||
Ratna-ketu |
gem-banner |
||
EKA-mula |
one root |
EKA-s`r.nga |
one horn |
MAHA-s`r.nga |
great horn |
MAHA-s`ula |
|
GAJA-mula |
elephant root |
GAJA-s`aila |
elephant rock |
Pis`acaka |
|||
S`avaka PANC~A-S`AILA |
young-animal five rocks |
PANC~A-S`AILA |
five rocks |
KAILA-ASA |
sport seat |
KAILA-ASA |
|
HIMA-VANT |
snow-resembling |
HIMA-VANT |
west: mountains around:
Asita-uda -- VAP 78:18-20 |
Sita-uda -- LP 1:49:50-51 |
||
name |
meaning |
name |
meaning |
Kapila |
reddish-brown |
||
Pingala |
tawny |
||
Bhadra |
favorable |
||
Sa-RAsa |
with-flavor |
Su-RApa |
|
Maha-bala |
great strength |
||
KUMUDA |
esculent-waterlily |
KUMUDA |
|
MADHU-MANT |
honey-resembling |
MADHU-MANT |
|
GarJANA |
growl |
An~JANA |
|
MarKaT.A |
emerald |
MuKuT.A |
|
KR.S.N.A |
black |
KR.S.N.A |
|
PAN.D.aVa |
pale |
PAN.D.Ura |
|
SAHASRA-S`IRAs |
thousand heads |
SAHASRA-S`IkhaRA |
thousand steeples |
PARI-yATra |
around expedition |
PARI-jATa |
|
S`R.NGA-vant |
horn-resembling |
S`ri-S`R.NGA |
north: mountains around Maha-bhadra --
VAP 78:21-23 |
LP 1:49:54-56 |
||
name |
meaning |
name |
meaning |
HAMSA-kut.a |
swan peak |
HAMSA-parvata |
swan mountain |
Vr.s.a-hamsa |
male swan |
Naga |
dragon |
KAPIn~-jaLA |
monkey stupid/ice |
KAPILA |
monkey-hued |
INDRA-S`AILA |
prince rock |
INDRA-S`AILA |
|
Sanu-mant |
|||
Nila |
blue |
||
Kan.t.aka-s`r.nga |
|||
S`ata-s`r.nga |
hundred horns |
||
Pus.pa-kos`a |
|||
Pra-s`aila |
|||
VIRaJA |
brilliant |
VIRaJAs |
|
Varaha-parvata |
boar mountain |
||
Mayura |
|||
JARU-jI |
ablated conquest |
JARU-dhI |
"eight minor sub-continents attached [via causeways?] to Jambu-dvipa" (BhP 5:19:29)
sub-continent |
meaning |
S[u]varn.a-Prastha |
well-colored tableland |
Candra-S`ukla |
glowing whitish |
Avartana |
cloud of venemous insects |
Raman.a-ka |
little dalliance |
Mandara-harin.a |
coral-tree (Erythrina indica) tawny-deer |
Pan~ca-janya |
five races of mankind |
Simha-la |
lion-territory |
Lanka |
(laka) forehead |
forest-residences of deities (LP 1:49:60-68)
deity |
grove |
+Laks.smi |
Vilva |
Kas`yapa |
Kakubha |
Indra & Upa-indra (with snake-gods) |
Tala-vana (palm-tree forest) |
Kardama |
Udumbara |
Vidya-dhara-s & Siddha-s |
mango |
Naga-s & Siddha-s |
Nimba (margosa) |
sun & Rudra |
Kims`uka |
Br.has-pati |
Bija-pura |
Vis.n.u |
lilies |
S`es.a (with "serpents") |
Sthalapadma (land-lotus) |
S`ukra (with Danava-s) |
jackfruit |
Kid-nara-d |
Vis`akhaka |
+Saras-vati |
Santanaka |
[Upa-indra is distinct from Vis.n.u]
abodes of the Deva-s (LP 1:50:)
verse |
deva-s |
mountain-peak |
:1a |
Indra |
S`ita-anta in forest of Parijata-trees |
:1b-2a |
8 cities of Danava-s |
Kumuda |
:2b-3a |
68 cities of Nilaka-s |
Suvarn.a-kot.ara |
:3b-4a |
15 cities of Kid-nara-s |
Maha-nila |
:4b |
3 cities of Vidya-dhara-s |
Ven.u-saudha |
:5 |
Garud.a |
Vaikun.t.ha |
Nila-lohita |
Karan~ja |
|
Vasu-s |
Vasu-dhara |
|
:6 |
the 7 r.s.i-s |
Ratna-dhara |
:7 |
Praja-pati |
Eka-s`r.nga |
:8 |
80 cities of Aditya-s, Rudra-s, & As`vinau |
Hema-kaks.a |
:9 |
5 kot.i-s of cities of Raks.as-es on each of 5 peaks |
Su-nila, having 5 peaks |
:10 |
100 cities of Yaks.a-s |
S`ata-s`r.nga |
cities of Kadraveya-s |
Tamra-abha |
|
Guha |
Vi-s`akha |
|
:11 |
Su-parn.a |
S`veta-udara |
Kubera |
Pis`acaka |
|
Vis.n.u |
Hari-kut.a |
|
:12 |
Kid-nara-s |
Kumuda |
Caran.a-s |
An~jana |
|
mansions of the Gandharva-s |
Kr.s.n.a |
|
:13 |
7 cities of the Vidya-dhara-s |
Pan.d.ura |
:14a |
7,000 cities of the Daitya-s |
Sahasra-s`ikhara |
:14b |
Pannaga-s ("serpents") |
Mukut.a |
:15 |
Vaivasvata; Soma;Vayu; "overlord of serpents" |
4 abodes on Taks.aka |
:17 |
S`iva with +Uma |
S`ri-Kan.t.ha |
:18 |
An-anta & Is`a |
"Cosmic Egg" |
[Garud.a is distinct from Su-parn.a]
Kus`a
vars.a, VaP 87:2 -- 1st set of names |
meaning |
kula-parvata |
meaning |
river, VAP 87:3 -- 1st set of names |
meaning |
Pra-toya |
forth water |
||||
Lolita |
tremulous |
S`iva |
cadaverous |
||
Citra |
picture |
||||
Hradini |
noise |
||||
Vidyut-lata |
lightning tendril |
||||
Varn.a |
color |
||||
Mahati |
greatness |
Kraun~ca
vars.a, VaP 88:3 -- 2nd set of names |
meaning |
kula-parvata, VaP 88:1-2 |
meaning |
river, VAP 88:5 -- 2nd set of names |
meaning |
Madhava |
honeyed |
Vidyut-lata |
lightning tendril |
Pus.pa-vaha |
flower-carrying |
Samvartaka |
rolling-up |
Manasa |
mental |
Ardra-vati |
moisture-providing |
Sa-prakas`a |
together manifest/public |
Accha-udaka |
pellucid ablution |
Raud-ra |
howl-producing |
Su-dars`ana |
good view |
Sura-pa |
liquor-drinking |
Sukha-vaha |
joy-carrying |
Sammoha |
bewilderment |
Bhoga-java |
coil speed |
||
Prakas`a |
manifest / public |
Go-vinda |
ox-finding |
Ks.ipra-uda |
throwing water |
An-artha |
unmeaning |
Toya-saha |
water having |
Bahula |
ample |
S`almali
vars.a |
meaning |
kula-parvata, VaP 89:3 |
meaning |
river |
meaning |
Sarva-gun.a |
all qualities |
||||
Sau-varn.a |
good color |
||||
Rohita |
reddish |
||||
Su-manasa |
good mental |
||||
Kus`ala |
suitable |
||||
Jambu-nada |
rose-apple roarer |
||||
Vaidyuta |
lightning |
S`aka -- alternatives from VuP 1:49:90-92
2nd river |
3rd river |
||||
S`iva-jala |
Anu-tapta |
||||
Siddha |
Sati |
||||
Nanda |
Parvati |
||||
Siva-atika |
Tri-diva |
||||
Kratu |
|||||
so likewise for the Bauddha & Jaina cosmographies, there ought to be double sets of names, perhaps as per:-
missing names
Bauddha |
The 7 continents are named, but their "alternative" names are not given: |
such missing names are perhaps to be found as the 7 tala-s of the Astika nomenclature. |
Jaina |
Far more than 7 continents are named, but, again, their "alternative" names are not given: |
such missing names are perhaps to be found as the 21or 28 naraka-s of the Astika nomenclature. |
Astika |
distinct from this is the peculiar set of names for the vars.a-s in the BhP: |
this set may be taken from some Nastika source (perhaps Jaina, inasmuch as the BhP in 5:6:7 describeth R.s.bha, and in 5:5:8 mentioneth the Arhant). It is thus:-- |
Plaks.a
vars.a, BhP 5:20:3 (SkP 1:2:37:77) |
meaning |
mountain, BhP 5:20:4 |
meaning |
river |
meaning |
S`iva |
cadaverous |
Man.i-kut.a |
jewel peak |
Arun.a |
pink |
Yavasa (Su-ramya, SkP) |
fodder (good enjoyable) |
Vajra-kut.a |
thunderbolt peak |
Angirasi |
(angi) promise |
Su-bhadra |
well-favorable |
Indra-sena |
prince army |
Savi-tri |
excitress |
S`anta (S`anti, SkP) |
peaceful (peace) |
Jyotis.-mant |
luminary-resembling |
Su-prabhata |
goodly forth-shone |
Ks.ema (A-s`apta, SkP) |
safety (unaccursed) |
Su-parn.a |
good feather |
? |
|
A-mr.ta |
immortality |
Hiran.ya-s.t.hiva |
gold spit/saliva |
R.tam-bhara |
bravery-bearing |
A-bhaya |
fearless |
Megha-mala |
cloud wreath |
Satyam-bhara |
truth-bearing |
S`almali
vars.a, BhP 5:20:9 (SkP 1:2:37:73) |
meaning |
mountain, BhP 5:20:10 |
meaning |
river |
meaning |
Su-rocana |
well-pleasant |
Sva-rasa |
one's own flavor |
Anumati |
permission |
Sau-manasya |
well-minded, cheerful |
S`ata-s`r.nga |
hundred horns |
Sini-vali |
(sina) food stuck in throat; (vali) wrinkle, (vali) eaves |
Raman.a-ka |
little dalliance |
Vama-deva |
pervert god |
Saras-vati |
tank/trough-resembling |
Deva-vars.a (Deva-barhi, SkP) |
divine year of man's age (divine grass) |
Kunda |
jasmine, "turner's lathe" |
Kuhu |
[cf. Kuhula, turtle with lathe on it] |
Paribhadra |
(-ka) Erythrina fulgens |
Mu-kunda |
(muc) release jasmine |
Rajani |
night |
Apya-ayana |
sappy travel |
Pus.pa-vars.a |
flower district |
Nanda |
gladness |
A-vijn~ata (Abhijn~ana, SkP) |
(token for remembrance) |
Sahasra-s`ruti |
thousand lore |
Raka |
itch / scab |
{Raman.aka / Sarasvati: at the blood-filled trench of the Kimmerioi, Odusseus dallied with the females whom had summoned}
{deva-vars.a/barhi: "As for man, his days are as grass." (THL 103:15)}
Kus`a
vars.a, BhP 5:20:14 (SkP 1:2:27:65) |
meaning |
mountain, BhP 5:20:15 |
meaning |
river |
meaning |
Vasu |
treasure |
Cakra |
wheel |
Rasa-kulya |
flavor of-family |
Vasu-dana |
treasure-donation |
Catus-s`r.nga |
four horns |
Madhu-kulya |
honey of-family |
Dr.dha-ruci |
resolute liking |
Kapila |
reddish-brown |
Mitra-vinda |
companion-acquiring |
Nabhi-gupta |
centre secret |
Citra-kut.a |
variegated peak |
S`ruta-vinda |
tradition-acquiring |
Stutya-vrata (Satya-vrata, SkP) |
praiseworthy (truth) vow |
Deva-anika |
divine array |
Deva-garbha |
divine embryo |
Vivikta |
(vici) part the hair |
Urdhva-roma |
vertical hair |
Ghr.ta-cyuta |
yoghurt shaken |
Vama-deva |
pervert god |
Dravin.a |
substance |
Mantra-mala |
spell wreath |
Kraun~ca
vars.a, BhP 5:20:21 (SkP 1:2:37:68) |
meaning |
mountain, BhP 5:20:22 |
meaning |
river |
meaning |
Ama |
raw |
S`ukla |
whitish |
A-bhaya |
fearless |
Madhu-ruha |
honey-attaining |
Vardha-mana |
increasing caprice |
Amr.ta-augha |
ambrosia flood |
Megha-pr.s.t.ha |
cloud-top/"back" |
Bhojana |
enjoyment |
Arya-ka |
noble little |
Su-dhaman (Sva-dhama, SkP) |
good (one's own) abode |
Upa-barhin.a |
lesser peafowl |
Tirtha-vati |
ford-resembling |
Bhraj-is.t.ha (R.ta-as`va, SkP) |
glittering most (brave horse) |
Nanda |
gladness |
Vr.tti-rupa-vati |
rolling shape resembling |
Lohita-arn.a (Lohita-arn.ava, SkP) |
(loha) iron [rusty-hued] wave (ocean) ["red tide" of plancton] |
Nandana |
gladdening |
Pavitra-vati |
filter-resembling |
Vanas-pati |
forest husband |
Sarvatas-bhadra |
everywhere fortunate |
S`ukla |
whitish |
S`aka
vars.a, BhP 5:20:2 (SkP 1:2:37:61) |
meaning |
mountain, BhP 5:20:26 |
meaning |
river |
meaning |
Puras-java |
forward velocity |
Is`ana |
owning |
An-agha |
not dangerous |
Manas-java |
mind speed |
Uru-s`r.nga |
wide-horned |
Ayus-da |
age-giver |
Pava-mana (Vepa-mana, SkP) |
pure/trill caprice |
Bala-bhadra |
strong auspicious |
Ubhaya-spr.s.t.i |
both touching |
Dhumra-anika |
smoky array |
S`ata-kes`ara |
hundred forelocks-of-hair |
A-parajita |
unsurpassed |
Citra-repha |
variegated burring-sound |
Sahasra-srota |
thousand streams |
Pan~ca-padi |
five-footed |
Bahu-rupa |
many forms |
Deva-pala |
divine protector |
Sahasra-stuti |
thousand praises |
Vis`va-dhara (Vis`va-cara, SkP) |
universal support (spy/trap) |
Maha-nasa |
great nose/rescue |
Nija-dhr.ti |
native resolution |
varn.a-s in the dvipa-s, according to SkP 1:2:37: [BhP 5:20:]
verse |
dvipa |
1st varn.a |
2nd varn.a |
3rd varn.a |
4th varn.a |
deity |
:62 [BhP :27] |
S`aka |
R.ta-vrata |
Satya-vrata |
[Dana-vrata, BhP] |
Anu-vrata |
Is`vara (as Vayu) |
:65 [BhP :16] |
Kus`a |
Kulis`a [Kus`ala, BhP] |
Kovida |
Abhi-yukta |
Kulaka |
Vahni (as Havya-vaha) |
:69 [BhP :22] |
Kraun~ca |
Guru [Purus.a, BhP] |
R.s.abha |
Dravin.a |
Devaka |
water-god |
:74 [BhP :11] |
S`almali |
S`ruta-dhara |
Virya[-dhara, BhP] |
Vasun-dhara |
Is.an [Is.an, BhP]-dhara |
Soma |
:78 [BhP :4] |
Plaks.a |
Hamsa |
Patanga |
Urdhva-an~cana [Urdhva -ayana, BhP] |
Satya-anga |
Surya (as Vis.n.u) |
[BhP :32] |
Pus.kara |
[Brahma, BhP] |
{Kus`a: Kulaka is similar to the Kulika-kings of S`ambhala; that this S`ambhala is intended for the Humble of Saxo Grammaticus, is indicated in Havya-vaha as epithet for Huta = (etymologically,) [Norse] gud = [English] God}
varn.a-s, for S`aka -- PP 3:8
name |
meaning |
identity |
Mr.ga |
deer |
Brahman.a |
Mas`aka |
mosquito |
Ks.atriya |
Manasa |
descendant of serpent-goddess Manasa |
Vais`ya |
Malla-ka |
little wrestler |
S`udra |
{should be for Pus.kara, else lacking}
28 naraka-s (BhP 5:26; SkP 2:1:12:3-36)
BhP 5:26 |
meaning |
SkP 2:1:12: |
SkP 2:1:12:3-36 |
Tamisra |
darkness |
:10 |
|
Andha-tamisra |
blind darkness |
||
Raurava |
roaring |
||
Maha-raurava |
great roaring |
||
Kumbhi-paka |
jar-sucking |
||
Kala-sutra |
dark thread |
:11 |
|
Asi-patra Vana |
sword-blade forest |
:13 |
|
Sukara-mukha |
swine's mouth |
||
Andha-kupa |
blind cave |
||
Kr.mi-bhojana |
worm enjoyment |
:16 |
|
San-dams`a |
with tusk |
:19 |
|
Tapta-surmi |
heated tube |
:22 |
Suci |
Vajra-kan.t.aka-s`almali |
thunderbolt thorn silkcotton |
:24 |
|
Vaitaran.i |
crossing |
:25 |
|
Puyas-da |
putrid-giving |
:27 |
Ati-bibhatsa |
Pran.a-rodha |
breath-obstructing |
:30 |
|
Vi-s`asana |
slaughter |
:31 |
Vais`asa |
Lala-bhaks.a |
spittle-beverage |
:33 |
"pit of semen virile" |
Sarameya-dana |
[for] the descendents of +Sarama a gift |
||
A-vici |
unrippling |
||
Ayah.-pana |
iron miser |
||
Ks.ara-kardama |
acrid cardamom |
||
Raks.as-gan.a-bhojana |
protector group enjoyment |
||
S`ula-prota |
spike-sewn |
||
Dan.d.a-s`uka |
rod parrot |
||
Avat.a-nirodhana |
cavity-imprisonment |
||
Pari-avartana |
aroundly-gyrating |
||
Suci-mukha |
clean mouth |
to evade these 28 naraka-s, bathe (be baptized) in Svami-tirtha
the 7 Naraka-s --- PP 6:114:2-24
# |
name |
sin |
punishment |
1st |
Tapta-valuka |
not honor guests |
have their feet burned |
2nd |
Andha-tamisra |
various sins |
are pierced by insects |
3rd |
Kracaka |
who separate from spouses |
are cut with swords |
4th |
Argala |
who oppose brahman.a-s |
are killed with iron clubs |
5th |
Kut.a-s`almali |
adultery |
are roasted on charcoal |
6th |
Rakta-puya |
having eaten prohibited food |
are roasted with their faces turned down |
7th |
Kumbhipaka |
are boiled in oil |
"These Raurava hells are said to be forty plus two." [42 Kemetian assessors of souls of the dead; 42 deity-group in Tibetan Book of the Dead]
lists of tirtha-s are given in BP 23; PP 1:11; 6:133; 6:180
VuP = Vayu Puran.a-m
BP = Brahman Puran.a-m
PP = Padma Puran.a-m
VAP = Varaha Puran.a-m
BhP = Bhagavata Puran.a-m
SkP = Skanda Puran.a-m
LP = Linga Puran.a-m