alternative (double, two sets of) names in Astika cosmography:

evidently intended to be regarded as on reverse side (underside) of the world (antikhthonia, where everything is upside-down), realm of the Asura-s centered on mountain Ku-meru --

N.B.: the Asura-s assume the shape of emmets, as do the primaeval people (in some American Indian mythologies) or the people of the prophesied eschatology (in other American Indian mythologies); so the American Indian cosmographies should match up with these Astika alternative names. In particular:-

Aztec

Astika

Quetzal-coatl < *Kesar-kwal

[Aztec /kw/ = Samskr.ta /h/] Kesari & Hala --

He is ehecatl "wind".

Kesari is the (mythic) source of wind;

He became an emmet.

Hala is "plough". The plough was invented by the [Hellenic] emmet-goddess.

deities who "evolved" the bodily organs -- BhP 3:6:

v.

organ

deity

:12

mouth

"Fire"

:13

palate

Hari

:14

nostrils

Vis.n.u

:15

eyen

"Sun"

:16

skin (touch)

Vayu

:17

ears

dik-pala-s

:18

skin (itching)

[Soma] god of plants

:19

penis

Ka

:20

payu "anus"

Mitra

:21

hands (sales & purchases)

Indra

:22

feet

Vis.n.u

:23

intellect

Brahma

:24

heart ("mind")

[Candra] "Moon"

:25

[kriya] activity

Rudra / Br.has-pati

:26

sattva (= nad.i)

Mahat

bodily apertures as city -- BhP 4:25:

king

friend, etc.

gate

 

visited

&

part of body

:10 Puran-~jana (= jiva)

:10 A-vijn~ata (= parama-atman)

         
 

:47

Dyumant

Vibhrajit "made splendid"

Khadyota (fire-fly)

Avir-mukhi

eyen

 

:48

Ava-dhuta

Saurabha "perfume"

Nalini

Nalini

nose

 

:49

Mukhya

Rasa-jn~a "flavor-knowing" & Vipan.a "market"

Apan.a

Bahu-dana

tongue

 

:50-51

S`ruta-dhara

Pitr.-hu "ancestor-invoking"

southern Pan~cala

northern Pan~cala

ears

 

:52

Asuri

Dur-mada "evil intoxication"

Grama-ka

 

penis aperture

 

:53

Nivr.ti

LUDHa-ka {[Hellenic] ELeUTheria "festival of male homosexuals"}

Vais`asa

 

anus

: 54 Nirvak

Pes`as-kr.ta

:55 Vis.ucina ("chief attendant in harem")

     

possessing no aperture

east: mountains around:

Arun.a-uda -- VAP 78:11-12

Mandara -- LP 1:49:41-42

name

meaning

name

meaning

   

S`ita-anta

 
   

Kuran.d.a

 
   

Kurara

 

VI-KAnka

wide humbug

VI-KAra

 

MAN.I-S`r.nga

pearl horn

MAN.I-S`aila

pearl rock

Su-patra

good bowl

   

Upala

stone

Vr.ks.a-vant

 

MAHA-NILA

great blue

MAHA-NILA

 

Kumbha

vase

Rucaka

 

Su-VINDU

good finding

Sa-VINDU

 

Madana

maddening

Dardura

 

VEN.U-MAddha

reed ... [madder?]

VEN.U-MAnt

 

Su-MEdas

good marrow

Sa-MEgha

with cloud

NIS.-ADHA

without therefore

NIS.-ADHA

 
   

Deva-parvata

divine mountain

south: mountains around Manasa --

VAP 78:14-16

LP 1:49:45-46

name

meaning

name

meaning

   

S`aila

rock

   

Vi-s`iras

 

Tri-S`IKHARA

triple pinnacle

S`IKHARA

 

S`is`ira

winter

   

Kapi

monkey

   

S`ata-maks.a

hundred houseflies

   

Tura-ga

swiftly going

   

Tamra-abha

copper light

   

Vis.a

poison

   

S`veta-udana

white belly

   

Sa-mula

with roots

   

Sarala

straight / real

   

Ratna-ketu

gem-banner

   

EKA-mula

one root

EKA-s`r.nga

one horn

MAHA-s`r.nga

great horn

MAHA-s`ula

 

GAJA-mula

elephant root

GAJA-s`aila

elephant rock

   

Pis`acaka

 

S`avaka PANC~A-S`AILA

young-animal five rocks

PANC~A-S`AILA

five rocks

KAILA-ASA

sport seat

KAILA-ASA

 

HIMA-VANT

snow-resembling

HIMA-VANT

 

west: mountains around:

Asita-uda -- VAP 78:18-20

Sita-uda -- LP 1:49:50-51

name

meaning

name

meaning

Kapila

reddish-brown

   

Pingala

tawny

   

Bhadra

favorable

   

Sa-RAsa

with-flavor

Su-RApa

 
   

Maha-bala

great strength

KUMUDA

esculent-waterlily

KUMUDA

 

MADHU-MANT

honey-resembling

MADHU-MANT

 

GarJANA

growl

An~JANA

 

MarKaT.A

emerald

MuKuT.A

 

KR.S.N.A

black

KR.S.N.A

 

PAN.D.aVa

pale

PAN.D.Ura

 

SAHASRA-S`IRAs

thousand heads

SAHASRA-S`IkhaRA

thousand steeples

PARI-yATra

around expedition

PARI-jATa

 

S`R.NGA-vant

horn-resembling

S`ri-S`R.NGA

 

north: mountains around Maha-bhadra --

VAP 78:21-23

LP 1:49:54-56

name

meaning

name

meaning

HAMSA-kut.a

swan peak

HAMSA-parvata

swan mountain

Vr.s.a-hamsa

male swan

Naga

dragon

KAPIn~-jaLA

monkey stupid/ice

KAPILA

monkey-hued

INDRA-S`AILA

prince rock

INDRA-S`AILA

 
   

Sanu-mant

 
   

Nila

blue

   

Kan.t.aka-s`r.nga

 
   

S`ata-s`r.nga

hundred horns

   

Pus.pa-kos`a

 
   

Pra-s`aila

 

VIRaJA

brilliant

VIRaJAs

 
   

Varaha-parvata

boar mountain

   

Mayura

 

JARU-jI

ablated conquest

JARU-dhI

 

"eight minor sub-continents attached [via causeways?] to Jambu-dvipa" (BhP 5:19:29)

sub-continent

meaning

S[u]varn.a-Prastha

well-colored tableland

Candra-S`ukla

glowing whitish

Avartana

cloud of venemous insects

Raman.a-ka

little dalliance

Mandara-harin.a

coral-tree (Erythrina indica) tawny-deer

Pan~ca-janya

five races of mankind

Simha-la

lion-territory

Lanka

(laka) forehead

forest-residences of deities (LP 1:49:60-68)

deity

grove

+Laks.smi

Vilva

Kas`yapa

Kakubha

Indra & Upa-indra (with snake-gods)

Tala-vana (palm-tree forest)

Kardama

Udumbara

Vidya-dhara-s & Siddha-s

mango

Naga-s & Siddha-s

Nimba (margosa)

sun & Rudra

Kims`uka

Br.has-pati

Bija-pura

Vis.n.u

lilies

S`es.a (with "serpents")

Sthalapadma (land-lotus)

S`ukra (with Danava-s)

jackfruit

Kid-nara-d

Vis`akhaka

+Saras-vati

Santanaka

[Upa-indra is distinct from Vis.n.u]

abodes of the Deva-s (LP 1:50:)

verse

deva-s

mountain-peak

:1a

Indra

S`ita-anta in forest of Parijata-trees

:1b-2a

8 cities of Danava-s

Kumuda

:2b-3a

68 cities of Nilaka-s

Suvarn.a-kot.ara

:3b-4a

15 cities of Kid-nara-s

Maha-nila

:4b

3 cities of Vidya-dhara-s

Ven.u-saudha

:5

Garud.a

Vaikun.t.ha

 

Nila-lohita

Karan~ja

 

Vasu-s

Vasu-dhara

:6

the 7 r.s.i-s

Ratna-dhara

:7

Praja-pati

Eka-s`r.nga

:8

80 cities of Aditya-s, Rudra-s, & As`vinau

Hema-kaks.a

:9

5 kot.i-s of cities of Raks.as-es on each of 5 peaks

Su-nila, having 5 peaks

:10

100 cities of Yaks.a-s

S`ata-s`r.nga

 

cities of Kadraveya-s

Tamra-abha

 

Guha

Vi-s`akha

:11

Su-parn.a

S`veta-udara

 

Kubera

Pis`acaka

 

Vis.n.u

Hari-kut.a

:12

Kid-nara-s

Kumuda

 

Caran.a-s

An~jana

 

mansions of the Gandharva-s

Kr.s.n.a

:13

7 cities of the Vidya-dhara-s

Pan.d.ura

:14a

7,000 cities of the Daitya-s

Sahasra-s`ikhara

:14b

Pannaga-s ("serpents")

Mukut.a

:15

Vaivasvata; Soma;Vayu; "overlord of serpents"

4 abodes on Taks.aka

:17

S`iva with +Uma

S`ri-Kan.t.ha

:18

An-anta & Is`a

"Cosmic Egg"

[Garud.a is distinct from Su-parn.a]

Kus`a

vars.a, VaP 87:2 -- 1st set of names

meaning

kula-parvata

meaning

river, VAP 87:3 -- 1st set of names

meaning

       

Pra-toya

forth water

Lolita

tremulous

   

S`iva

cadaverous

       

Citra

picture

       

Hradini

noise

       

Vidyut-lata

lightning tendril

       

Varn.a

color

       

Mahati

greatness

Kraun~ca

vars.a, VaP 88:3 -- 2nd set of names

meaning

kula-parvata, VaP 88:1-2

meaning

river, VAP 88:5 -- 2nd set of names

meaning

Madhava

honeyed

Vidyut-lata

lightning tendril

Pus.pa-vaha

flower-carrying

Samvartaka

rolling-up

Manasa

mental

Ardra-vati

moisture-providing

Sa-prakas`a

together manifest/public

Accha-udaka

pellucid ablution

Raud-ra

howl-producing

Su-dars`ana

good view

Sura-pa

liquor-drinking

Sukha-vaha

joy-carrying

Sammoha

bewilderment

   

Bhoga-java

coil speed

Prakas`a

manifest / public

Go-vinda

ox-finding

Ks.ipra-uda

throwing water

An-artha

unmeaning

Toya-saha

water having

Bahula

ample

S`almali

vars.a

meaning

kula-parvata, VaP 89:3

meaning

river

meaning

   

Sarva-gun.a

all qualities

   
   

Sau-varn.a

good color

   
   

Rohita

reddish

   
   

Su-manasa

good mental

   
   

Kus`ala

suitable

   
   

Jambu-nada

rose-apple roarer

   
   

Vaidyuta

lightning

   

S`aka -- alternatives from VuP 1:49:90-92

       

2nd river

3rd river

       

S`iva-jala

Anu-tapta

       

Siddha

Sati

       

Nanda

Parvati

       

Siva-atika

Tri-diva

       

Kratu

 
           
           

so likewise for the Bauddha & Jaina cosmographies, there ought to be double sets of names, perhaps as per:-

missing names

Bauddha

The 7 continents are named, but their "alternative" names are not given:

such missing names are perhaps to be found as the 7 tala-s of the Astika nomenclature.

Jaina

Far more than 7 continents are named, but, again, their "alternative" names are not given:

such missing names are perhaps to be found as the 21or 28 naraka-s of the Astika nomenclature.

Astika

distinct from this is the peculiar set of names for the vars.a-s in the BhP:

this set may be taken from some Nastika source (perhaps Jaina, inasmuch as the BhP in 5:6:7 describeth R.s.bha, and in 5:5:8 mentioneth the Arhant). It is thus:--

Plaks.a

vars.a, BhP 5:20:3 (SkP 1:2:37:77)

meaning

mountain, BhP 5:20:4

meaning

river

meaning

S`iva

cadaverous

Man.i-kut.a

jewel peak

Arun.a

pink

Yavasa (Su-ramya, SkP)

fodder (good enjoyable)

Vajra-kut.a

thunderbolt peak

Angirasi

(angi) promise

Su-bhadra

well-favorable

Indra-sena

prince army

Savi-tri

excitress

S`anta (S`anti, SkP)

peaceful (peace)

Jyotis.-mant

luminary-resembling

Su-prabhata

goodly forth-shone

Ks.ema (A-s`apta, SkP)

safety (unaccursed)

Su-parn.a

good feather

?

 

A-mr.ta

immortality

Hiran.ya-s.t.hiva

gold spit/saliva

R.tam-bhara

bravery-bearing

A-bhaya

fearless

Megha-mala

cloud wreath

Satyam-bhara

truth-bearing

S`almali

vars.a, BhP 5:20:9 (SkP 1:2:37:73)

meaning

mountain, BhP 5:20:10

meaning

river

meaning

Su-rocana

well-pleasant

Sva-rasa

one's own flavor

Anumati

permission

Sau-manasya

well-minded, cheerful

S`ata-s`r.nga

hundred horns

Sini-vali

(sina) food stuck in throat; (vali) wrinkle, (vali) eaves

Raman.a-ka

little dalliance

Vama-deva

pervert god

Saras-vati

tank/trough-resembling

Deva-vars.a (Deva-barhi, SkP)

divine year of man's age (divine grass)

Kunda

jasmine, "turner's lathe"

Kuhu

[cf. Kuhula, turtle with lathe on it]

Paribhadra

(-ka) Erythrina fulgens

Mu-kunda

(muc) release jasmine

Rajani

night

Apya-ayana

sappy travel

Pus.pa-vars.a

flower district

Nanda

gladness

A-vijn~ata (Abhijn~ana, SkP)

(token for remembrance)

Sahasra-s`ruti

thousand lore

Raka

itch / scab

{Raman.aka / Sarasvati: at the blood-filled trench of the Kimmerioi, Odusseus dallied with the females whom had summoned}

{deva-vars.a/barhi: "As for man, his days are as grass." (THL 103:15)}

Kus`a

vars.a, BhP 5:20:14 (SkP 1:2:27:65)

meaning

mountain, BhP 5:20:15

meaning

river

meaning

Vasu

treasure

Cakra

wheel

Rasa-kulya

flavor of-family

Vasu-dana

treasure-donation

Catus-s`r.nga

four horns

Madhu-kulya

honey of-family

Dr.dha-ruci

resolute liking

Kapila

reddish-brown

Mitra-vinda

companion-acquiring

Nabhi-gupta

centre secret

Citra-kut.a

variegated peak

S`ruta-vinda

tradition-acquiring

Stutya-vrata (Satya-vrata, SkP)

praiseworthy (truth) vow

Deva-anika

divine array

Deva-garbha

divine embryo

Vivikta

(vici) part the hair

Urdhva-roma

vertical hair

Ghr.ta-cyuta

yoghurt shaken

Vama-deva

pervert god

Dravin.a

substance

Mantra-mala

spell wreath

Kraun~ca

vars.a, BhP 5:20:21 (SkP 1:2:37:68)

meaning

mountain, BhP 5:20:22

meaning

river

meaning

Ama

raw

S`ukla

whitish

A-bhaya

fearless

Madhu-ruha

honey-attaining

Vardha-mana

increasing caprice

Amr.ta-augha

ambrosia flood

Megha-pr.s.t.ha

cloud-top/"back"

Bhojana

enjoyment

Arya-ka

noble little

Su-dhaman (Sva-dhama, SkP)

good (one's own) abode

Upa-barhin.a

lesser peafowl

Tirtha-vati

ford-resembling

Bhraj-is.t.ha (R.ta-as`va, SkP)

glittering most (brave horse)

Nanda

gladness

Vr.tti-rupa-vati

rolling shape resembling

Lohita-arn.a (Lohita-arn.ava, SkP)

(loha) iron [rusty-hued] wave (ocean) ["red tide" of plancton]

Nandana

gladdening

Pavitra-vati

filter-resembling

Vanas-pati

forest husband

Sarvatas-bhadra

everywhere fortunate

S`ukla

whitish

S`aka

vars.a, BhP 5:20:2 (SkP 1:2:37:61)

meaning

mountain, BhP 5:20:26

meaning

river

meaning

Puras-java

forward velocity

Is`ana

owning

An-agha

not dangerous

Manas-java

mind speed

Uru-s`r.nga

wide-horned

Ayus-da

age-giver

Pava-mana (Vepa-mana, SkP)

pure/trill caprice

Bala-bhadra

strong auspicious

Ubhaya-spr.s.t.i

both touching

Dhumra-anika

smoky array

S`ata-kes`ara

hundred forelocks-of-hair

A-parajita

unsurpassed

Citra-repha

variegated burring-sound

Sahasra-srota

thousand streams

Pan~ca-padi

five-footed

Bahu-rupa

many forms

Deva-pala

divine protector

Sahasra-stuti

thousand praises

Vis`va-dhara (Vis`va-cara, SkP)

universal support (spy/trap)

Maha-nasa

great nose/rescue

Nija-dhr.ti

native resolution

varn.a-s in the dvipa-s, according to SkP 1:2:37: [BhP 5:20:]

verse

dvipa

1st varn.a

2nd varn.a

3rd varn.a

4th varn.a

deity

:62 [BhP :27]

S`aka

R.ta-vrata

Satya-vrata

[Dana-vrata, BhP]

Anu-vrata

Is`vara (as Vayu)

:65 [BhP :16]

Kus`a

Kulis`a [Kus`ala, BhP]

Kovida

Abhi-yukta

Kulaka

Vahni (as Havya-vaha)

:69 [BhP :22]

Kraun~ca

Guru [Purus.a, BhP]

R.s.abha

Dravin.a

Devaka

water-god

:74 [BhP :11]

S`almali

S`ruta-dhara

Virya[-dhara, BhP]

Vasun-dhara

Is.an [Is.an, BhP]-dhara

Soma

:78 [BhP :4]

Plaks.a

Hamsa

Patanga

Urdhva-an~cana [Urdhva -ayana, BhP]

Satya-anga

Surya (as Vis.n.u)

[BhP :32]

Pus.kara

       

[Brahma, BhP]

{Kus`a: Kulaka is similar to the Kulika-kings of S`ambhala; that this S`ambhala is intended for the Humble of Saxo Grammaticus, is indicated in Havya-vaha as epithet for Huta = (etymologically,) [Norse] gud = [English] God}

varn.a-s, for S`aka -- PP 3:8

name

meaning

identity

Mr.ga

deer

Brahman.a

Mas`aka

mosquito

Ks.atriya

Manasa

descendant of serpent-goddess Manasa

Vais`ya

Malla-ka

little wrestler

S`udra

{should be for Pus.kara, else lacking}

28 naraka-s (BhP 5:26; SkP 2:1:12:3-36)

BhP 5:26

meaning

SkP 2:1:12:

SkP 2:1:12:3-36

Tamisra

darkness

:10

 

Andha-tamisra

blind darkness

   

Raurava

roaring

   

Maha-raurava

great roaring

   

Kumbhi-paka

jar-sucking

   

Kala-sutra

dark thread

:11

 

Asi-patra Vana

sword-blade forest

:13

 

Sukara-mukha

swine's mouth

   

Andha-kupa

blind cave

   

Kr.mi-bhojana

worm enjoyment

:16

 

San-dams`a

with tusk

:19

 

Tapta-surmi

heated tube

:22

Suci

Vajra-kan.t.aka-s`almali

thunderbolt thorn silkcotton

:24

 

Vaitaran.i

crossing

:25

 

Puyas-da

putrid-giving

:27

Ati-bibhatsa

Pran.a-rodha

breath-obstructing

:30

 

Vi-s`asana

slaughter

:31

Vais`asa

Lala-bhaks.a

spittle-beverage

:33

"pit of semen virile"

Sarameya-dana

[for] the descendents of +Sarama a gift

   

A-vici

unrippling

   

Ayah.-pana

iron miser

   

Ks.ara-kardama

acrid cardamom

   

Raks.as-gan.a-bhojana

protector group enjoyment

   

S`ula-prota

spike-sewn

   

Dan.d.a-s`uka

rod parrot

   

Avat.a-nirodhana

cavity-imprisonment

   

Pari-avartana

aroundly-gyrating

   

Suci-mukha

clean mouth

   

to evade these 28 naraka-s, bathe (be baptized) in Svami-tirtha

the 7 Naraka-s --- PP 6:114:2-24

#

name

sin

punishment

1st

Tapta-valuka

not honor guests

have their feet burned

2nd

Andha-tamisra

various sins

are pierced by insects

3rd

Kracaka

who separate from spouses

are cut with swords

4th

Argala

who oppose brahman.a-s

are killed with iron clubs

5th

Kut.a-s`almali

adultery

are roasted on charcoal

6th

Rakta-puya

having eaten prohibited food

are roasted with their faces turned down

7th

Kumbhipaka

 

are boiled in oil

"These Raurava hells are said to be forty plus two." [42 Kemetian assessors of souls of the dead; 42 deity-group in Tibetan Book of the Dead]

lists of tirtha-s are given in BP 23; PP 1:11; 6:133; 6:180

VuP = Vayu Puran.a-m

BP = Brahman Puran.a-m

PP = Padma Puran.a-m

VAP = Varaha Puran.a-m

BhP = Bhagavata Puran.a-m

SkP = Skanda Puran.a-m

LP = Linga Puran.a-m