Shamanism and Tantra in Nepal
p. 12 parts of phur-ba
aspect |
world |
dharma |
upper (Akas`a) |
karman |
middle (Dharti) |
s`akti |
underworld (Patala) |
p. 13 world-eras
era |
metal of era |
Bauddha alignment |
symbol |
Kr.ta |
gold |
Dharma |
|
Treta |
silver |
Maha-yana |
OM |
Dvapara |
bronze |
Hina-yana |
kartika |
Kali |
iron |
Vajra-yana |
vajra |
p. 27, fn. 37 Kirati heptads of sacred plants
flowers |
trees |
grains |
suna-bun |
kaulo |
sampitc^a (millet) |
suna-kari |
amli-sau |
arawua (rice) |
amla-bun |
gungurun |
uwah (wheat) |
mitsili-bun |
pathe khasuro |
junelo |
tara-bun |
titepati |
kokolakma (maize) |
bhobunb |
payun |
bunku |
c^i bun |
subi yara |
geau jau (barley) |
p. 43 the 3 beast-effigies for the khadgo kumpa;
p. 47 yantra of 5 * 5 containing the 3 beast-effigies
p. 43 effigy of __ |
p. 43 is fashioned from __ |
p. 47 numerics |
p. 47 meaning of numerics |
elephant |
banana bush |
13 |
fn. 60 finding |
sheep |
pomelo fruit |
17 |
fn. 61 cleansing |
goat |
eggplant |
15 |
fn. 62 harmony |
p. 43 fn. 51 [Kirati] khadgo kumpa = [Taman] kharko-thaba = [Nepali] kharko-thaba
p. 43 pigment-substances for the khadgo kumpa
pigment |
significance |
liquid |
activity |
white rice-powder |
earth [cf. Sa-skya] |
milk |
peace |
red tika |
rainbow |
blood |
war |
black |
s`aligrama (ammonite-fossil) |
p. 44 clockwise sequence of the 8 plant-bundles (& alternatives) for the khadgo kumpa
common name |
Nepalese name |
Latin name |
part used |
mugwort |
tite-pati |
Artemisia vulgaris |
herbage |
high-altitude rhododendron |
kaulo |
Persea gambleia / odoratissima |
leaves |
alpine rose |
sun pati |
Rhododendron lepidotum |
flowers |
saffron |
kum kum pati |
Crocus sativus / Didymocarpus albicalyx |
entire |
bhairunga pati |
Potentilla fructicosa |
flowers & leaves |
|
payun pati |
Prunus cerasoides |
bark & leaves |
|
salu pati |
Shorea robusta |
resin |
|
lalu pati |
Euphorbia pulcherrima |
leaves |
p. 44 ritual implements for the khadgo kumpa
direction around yantra |
implement |
significance |
south |
oil-lamp |
light for steps |
north |
tri-s`ula "trident" |
power |
east |
kalas`a / bumba "vase" |
Gan.a-is`a |
west |
dhupauro "incense-bowl" |
[wife of Gan.a-is`a] |
southeast |
sickle (used by shamanka, fn. 59) |
to cut "threads of fate" {cf. Moira A-tropos} |
southwest |
khukuri "machete" |
|
northeast |
"sun" |
|
northwest |
"moon" |
p. 52 bat (cheiroptera)
language |
term |
literal meaning |
Taman |
phanan |
medicine bird |
Newari |
c^ikan papc^a |
oil butterfly |
Nepali |
c^amera |
p. 57 worlds
world |
specifics |
dealings in visits by Jhankri |
middle (Dharti) |
similes:- crab; boat carried by birds; "fingerprint viewed from above" |
effects of emotions: friendship, love; hatred, jealousy, ignorance |
underworld (Patala) |
origins of disease |
recover "stolen parts of the soul" |
upper (Akas`a): 3 realms -- |
1st Yama-loka, ruled by Yama-raj & his consort Yama-rani |
assist souls of the dead |
2nd Indra-loka, where is the soma-kettle of the moon |
control "forces of nature": rain, sunshine |
|
3rd Deva-loka, most distant: abode of (p. 58) Bhuta-s & animal-spirits |
p. 58 ameliorate fortune by "severing the threads of fate" |
{cf. Navaho fingerprint-whorl for whirlwinds (emotions) in body}
p. 60 protective deities in the cardinal directions
direction |
protective |
south |
flame wall {cf. that surrounding Val-kyrja} |
north |
Garud.a |
east |
Bhairava |
west |
Kali the wife of Bhairava |
the 7 Bhairava-s
p. 74, fn. 80 __ Bhairava |
p. 89 Bhairava |
p. 89 location |
1. black Kala |
2. Kala (black) |
2. earth |
2. red T.ika |
3. T.ika ("mark on forehead" [tilaka]) |
3. south |
3. ochre Vagha [animal] |
4. Siddhi ["success"] |
4. east |
4. white Seto [setu "bridge (made of rock)"] |
6. Sankat.ha (guardian) [kat.ha "rock"] |
6. west |
5. deep-blue Akas`a |
1. Akas`a |
1. sky |
6. dark-blue Patala "underworld" |
5. Vathura (beggar) [vathula "crazy, fanatic"] |
5. underworld |
7. light-blue Nilo |
7. Maha-kala |
7. north |
p. 90 the 7 -Kali sistren
ord.# |
sister |
character |
location |
1. |
Rakta- (a stone) |
bloodthirsty |
north |
2. |
Daks.ina- ["fee"] |
black |
south |
3. |
Mahan[ta]- |
great |
east |
4. |
Bhadra- |
solemn |
west |
5. |
Sita- / S`veta- "white" |
truth |
Akas`a |
6. |
S`itala- / Sva-Bhagamati (a river) |
waters |
Patala |
7. |
Vana- |
forest |
Dharti |
p. 109 the 8 snake-deities
Naga-raja |
king |
Naga-rani |
queen |
Vasuki |
prime minister |
Kali |
black |
Seti |
milk-white |
S`es.a |
peace-bringing |
S`es.a |
peace-bringing female |
Karkat |
nourishing female |
pp. 115-117 the 7 cakra-s
page |
ord.# |
cakra |
meaning |
location |
function |
115-116 |
1st |
S`ankha |
snail |
conch-blowing; Gan.a-is`a at threshhold; mulaka-radish |
|
116 |
2nd |
Gadha |
["standing-ground (in water)"] |
genitals |
detoxification |
3rd |
Cakra |
discus |
navel |
protection from dangers |
|
117 |
4th |
Padma |
red waterlily |
heart |
relationship to environment |
5th |
Catur-bhuja |
4-armed |
throat |
shamans leave body & project-travel |
|
6th |
Tri-s`ula |
trident |
3rd eye |
past, praesent, future: tri-murti |
|
7th |
Sahastrasir |
crown |
spirit-world |
{Gadha would be controlled by Tirthan-kara ("ford-maker")}
p. 116 vosala = wasala, a mythic hybrid creature (composite animal) of the mundum
its body-part __ |
is of animal __ |
head |
horned garud.a, crossed with nil-gai ("blue ox") antelope |
body |
tiger |
wings |
eagle |
tail |
peacock |
p. 125 Bhuta-s
name |
appearance |
to whom visible |
cause of death |
effect on the living |
Ranke |
sparkling light |
all |
luck |
|
Thangre |
tattered |
shamans |
avalanche |
loss of energy |
Dobate |
crawling baby at crossroads |
shamans |
miscarriage |
unco-ordinated |
Mudkatta |
headless, with eyen on their shoulders |
shamans |
decapitation |
nausea |
C^hounda |
long-legged |
shamans |
suicide |
insomnia |
Madre |
rolling a raffia mat at dawn or dusk |
shamans |
funeral not completed |
confusion |
Mirmire |
at dawn, in or nigh house |
shamans |
bed-ridden |
back- & neck-pain |
Sangare |
on threshhold at dawn |
shamans |
drowned |
loss of appetite |
Jhumre |
as rolling ball of fabric |
all |
miser |
wealth |
p. 127 Graha-s (planets)
vara ("day") |
meaning |
planet |
meaning |
body-part |
S`ani |
Saturday |
Sapta R.s.ayah. |
Saturn |
legs |
Aita |
Sunday |
S`ani-s.ar |
Mercury |
head |
Soma |
Monday |
Surya |
Venus |
thorax |
Mangala |
Tuesday |
Bhama |
Earth |
stomach, intestines |
Budha |
Wednesday |
Bhargo-tara |
Mars |
genitals |
Vihi |
Thursday |
Br.haspati-tara |
Jupiter |
joints on right |
S`ukra |
Friday |
S`ukra-tara |
"Uranus" |
joints on left |
{this is a rather aberrant correlation-listing!}
p. 127 planetary deities
deity |
influence on persons |
temperament |
p. 182 variant sequence: going counter-clockwise, starting at north |
Rahu |
stealeth money & health |
evil |
1. Rahu |
Ketu |
bringeth disease |
evil |
2. Ketu |
S`ani |
maketh one fearful |
evil |
8. Sanu |
Sankata |
bringeth doubt |
evil |
9. Sankata |
Ulka |
bringeth surprises |
ambivalent |
6. "sickle" |
Bhamari |
bringeth depression |
evil |
7. "shaman" |
Dhana |
influenceth money |
ambivalent |
5. Dhana |
Mangala |
bringeth good |
good |
3. Mangala |
Pingala |
bringeth good & bad |
ambivalent |
4. Pingala |
p. 183 direction toward "doctor" (shaman) is "a very bad sign"
curative herbs
page |
herb |
ailments cured |
49 & 51 |
ganja (mari-juana) |
depression, loss of appetite, forgetfulness, loss of sexual desire |
99 |
vilva (wood apple) |
dysentery |
160 |
angeri |
skin-diseases |
aphim (opium) |
snake-bites |
|
161 |
vis-ma (monks'-hood) |
fatigue |
162 |
dhattura (thorn-apple) |
insanity |
168 |
dhodre |
old age |
177 |
fly-agaric |
cuts or rips in tongue |
204 |
[Kirati] yari = ginger |
joint-pains; nausea |
herbs named after, or derived form, animals
page |
herb |
animal |
144-145 |
chili (Capsicum) |
khursani "millipede" |
161 |
blue monks’-hood (Aconitum) of the samudra-manthana |
c^hora "Asian brown flycatcher" (Muscicapa dauurica) |
164 |
spathe = Arisaema utile (cobra-lily) |
cobra |
166 |
mala mukhi (‘chain-flower’ [‘garland mouth’]), yellow-flowering = Caesalpinia decapetala |
peafowl |
nigalo = Arundinaria (high-altitude genus of bamboo-shoots) |
"bears (balu)" {cf. bamboo-shoot-eating panda} |
|
169 |
psychedelic mushrooms |
"old buffalo horns" |
170 |
[comic mushroom (divine chariot going to Dig Dipper constellation) |
owl (not Nepali {is this Chinese?}] |
[Chinese] lin-s^i ("mushroom of immortality") = Ganoderma lucidum |
"artist's conch" |
|
171 |
thokre (‘arrow-carrier’ {cf. [Saha-jiya] S`ara-ha / S`ara-uru-ha} Cordyceps sinensis {cf. [Hawai>ian] gigantic caterpillar alongside the road travelled by souls of the dead} (collected in Nepal largely for sale in China & in Korea) |
caterpillar of the bat-moth ("the mushroom entirely fills up the body of the larvae, and stretches its red arrow-shaped head up out of the underworld.") ["The yaks seek them out during their rutting season in order to ingest them" (p. 172)] |
173 |
buri[an] c^yau (‘crone’s mushroom’) Psathyrella canoleana |
[Kirati] "eight-legged horse" {spider? crab?} |
175 |
mushroom Omphalina ericetorum |
[Nepalese] kaka "crow" |
mushrooms Psythyrella, Hygrocybe, Inocybe |
[Nepalese] kakhuti "raven" |
|
polypore (puffball) Lactiporus sulphureus (also p. 170, fn. 187) { -- cf. sulphur (gakadhu) as incense of Roman goddess Venus, p. 143} |
[Taman] knaga "chicken" |
|
mushrooms Psilocybe |
[Sherpa] phak "swine" {Buddha attained nir-vana by ingesting this} |
|
175-176 |
dappled orange ("eye-opener", p. 176, fn. 198) mushroom Amanita muscaria (collected from birch-tree locales, p. 177) |
fly ([Latin] musca = [Spanish] mosca) [agaric] |
176 |
Amanita muscaria |
"Even the tigers loves the amanitas." |
177 |
"panther mushroom" |
pan-ther ["all-beast": composite beast of Dio-nusos] |
p. 166 shoots of ringal vams`a (ringal bamboo) are shewn by the balu ("bear") {in contrast to ordinary bamboo-shoots known to the panda}
p. 171cordyceps-mushroom (Cordyceps sinensis) groweth out of body of subterranean caterpillar of the bat-moth ([Chinese] bian-fu-e = Hepialus armoricanus: sought out by yaks during rutting-season similarly as truffles are sought out by swine, p. 172)
p. 211 orange-red-blossoming palas-tree (legume-tree Butea monosperma) originated from drops spilled by mythic parrot
fly-agaric numerics
p. 177 "Kirati shamans use the fly agaric not more than ten times per year ..." {the [10th Spirah ("number", in Qabbalah) being named Malkut "kingdom [of God, or of Heaven]"; so that |
the frequent mention of "Kingdom of God" (in Mark) or "Kingdom of Heaven" (in Q[uellen], i.e. Matthew / Luke) by Jesus Christ would indicate his devotion to the "Lord of Flies", Be<el-zebub of the Philis^tines} |
"rainbow"-herbs
p. |
name |
identification |
147 |
indra-yani |
Vitex negundo |
indra-jow |
Holarrhena pubescens |
|
165 |
lac^e lahara |
Spatholobus parviflorus |
p. 165 "The ascending snake is the naga, the rainbow, the spiral tunnel through which the shamans travel to the heavens." {cf. [Radha Svamin] bank nal "crooked tunnel"}
psychedelic herbs which produce musical audio-hallucinations
p. |
herb |
music of __ |
163 |
ghan.t.i phul (henbane = Scopolia straminifolia) |
bells |
165 |
tripartite leaves of karkalo mane |
a drum |
167 |
dhodre phul ("goblet flower") = angels'-trumpet (Brugmansia) |
trumpets |
deities of psychedelic herbs
p. |
herb |
appurtenance |
of deity __ |
157 |
bhanga (ganja = Cannabis indica) |
siddhi |
discovered by Parvati |
161 |
Aconitum napellus |
bow-string |
Kama |
162 |
blue monkshood |
nila-kan.t.ha (‘blue throat’) |
{Rudra} |
162-3 |
dhattura (thornapple) |
linga-m ("childless women rub their yoni on it") |
Unmata Bhairava |
163 |
hasana {‘laughter’} (nightshade = Cestrum nocturnum) |
a-mr.ta {‘ambrosia’} |
Gan.a-is`a {should be At.t.a-hasa ?} |
165 |
lac^e lahara |
"rainbow, the spiral tunnel through which the shamans travel" |
Naga-s |
166 |
[arum |
rod |
Mos^eh] |
nigalo |
"cut with the sickle" into 4 segments |
{cf. sickle of Kronos} |
|
167 |
bhuva natha haku (Hawaiian woodrose = Argyreia nervosa) |
ocean -- samundra phul (‘oceanic fruit’, "can elicit an oceanic feeling.") |
{chariot of Sagara ?} |
169 |
soma ? |
dhunga (‘axe’) |
Indra |
170 |
s`akti s`yamu / s`akti c^yau (‘power polypore / puffball’) |
thread-cross "cosmic antenna" = [in C^ittagong] 4-spoked c^hata / thi (‘umbrella’) |
{goddesses ?} |
{/c^yau/ ‘mushroom’ may be derived from [the name of Vaidik r.s.i] /Cyavana/;
/s`yamu/ ‘mushroom’ may be taken from [the name of the mythic gem of the ursine god Jambavant] /s`yama/}
elimination of poisonous quality from otherwise poisonous hallucinogen
p. |
poisonous when unpraepared |
praeparation required in order to lose toxicity |
164 |
root of gurubua |
cooked with salt & timbur (Szechuan pepper = Zanthoxylum) |
concerning the red berry-clusters of the cobra-lily
as illustrated on p. 164 |
<ibri^ |
Tehuacan (Puebla) |
{these red berry-clusters of the cobralily are shaped like cobs of maize, on temple-friezes from southern India, and have sometime been so mis-identified by would-be discoverers of trans-Pacific contacts} |
{the nah.as^ "serpent" (otherwise designated nh.us^-tan "serpent-dragon"), who induced H.awwah ("Eve") to proffer the "forbidden fruit" to >adam, must have been a cobra} |
{likewise in Codex Borgia, p. 24, the smoke-exhaling "red" (meaning: "poisonous") serpent is wrapped about a maize-plant: to indicate the maize-cob-shaped berry of the cobra-lily} |
[probably the redness of the cobralily hath been transferred to the snakes of that sort]
cobralily-berry is misidentified as maize in http://econ.ohio-state.edu/jhm/arch/maize.html
curative uses with mantra-m
page |
usage |
to cure __ |
by __ |
177 |
by S`yena (divine falcon) |
[disease (p. 178)] |
poe:try |
180 |
linga-m mantra-m |
arguments |
mediation |
mohani |
hate |
love |
|
181 |
breathing-technique |
pain |
without analgesic drugs! |
p. 181 (author:) pharmaceuticals are frauds, whereas shamanries are truly curative
p. 187 instrumentalities, for classes of religious practitioners
instrumentality |
brahmana |
jhankri |
mantra-m |
recitation of scripture |
invocation |
yantra-m |
body-posture (bandha) |
ritual tool-kit |
tantra-m |
name of person for whose sake the ritual is being performed |
altar |
p. 187 sequences relative to classes of religious practitioners
world |
instrumentality |
gubaju |
brahmana |
jhankri |
upper (Akas`a) |
mantra-m |
2nd |
3rd |
1st |
middle (Dharti) |
yantra-m |
3rd |
1st |
3rd |
under- (Patala) |
tantra-m |
1st |
2nd |
2nd |
{the gubaju sequence, in descending levels of importance, is that used in MesoAmerica: worlds of series in 9 (lower) + 13 (upper) + 7 (middle)}
p. 188 mudra-s
name |
meaning |
fingers used |
Pavitra |
purification |
thumb & little-finger |
S`anti |
peace |
thumb & index-finger |
Angoti |
uncetainty |
thumbing |
Puja |
worship |
thumb & ring-finger |
Namas-kara |
obeisance-making |
palms together |
T.ika |
comment |
touch forehead |
p. 191 number-symbolism
# |
meaning |
0 |
Gan.a-is`a |
1 |
bin.d.u |
2 |
masculine & feminine |
3 |
past, praesent, future |
4 |
Vajra-yogini-s |
5 |
dhatu-s (elements) |
6 |
S`ri yantra |
7 |
"seven tunnels which lead to the underworld" |
8 |
surfaces/"houses" of the world-disk |
9 |
"the ladder to the heavens" |
10 |
death-c^inta |
11 |
serious c^inta-s |
12 |
12-tined antler |
13 |
"the 13 sacred birds" {as in Bon} |
15 |
peace & harmony |
16 |
millet-balls (kodo) |
17 |
cleansing in mundum |
43 |
days of snake-burial for vertebrae-chains (p. 224) |
48 |
48-year calendar-cycle |
108 |
108 witches of "witches' conference" |
360 |
360 days per year for animal-sacrifices |
60,000 |
primordial history |
five days per year "are dedicated to gods who do not accept bloodshed or sacrifices" {cf. [Aztec] 5 Nemontemi (intercalary) days per year; also Kemetian, etc.}
p. 224 the 43 days' burial of kun.d.alini-snake are vertically within a bamboo (as contrasted with burial of poisonous snake coiled saligrama-fashion for ganja, p. 114)
pp. 196-200 ritual implements
p. |
implement |
substance |
concommitant |
196 |
tri-s`ula (‘trident’) |
copper |
|
kalas`a / bumba (‘pitcher’) |
peacock-feather; amrisau-grass |
||
197 |
dalo (‘basket for rice’) |
bamboo |
|
kasethaal (‘plate for rice’) |
brass |
oil-lamp |
|
200 |
dhupauro (‘bowl for incense’) |
stone |
decorated with makara or with salamander |
210-1 |
khurpa / khurumbi (‘sickle’) (p. 210) |
iron blade, deer-antler handle (p. 211) |
"the ginger root divination" (p. 211) |
p. 211 sickle-blade is forged by KAMi (‘blacksmith’) {cf. [Turkish] /KAM/ ‘shaman’}
pp. 200- 204 biotics : parts of animals and of plants used in ritual
p. |
animal or plant |
part |
use |
200 |
garud.a = great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) |
beak; feet of female |
mala (necklace) |
201 |
porcupine (Hystrix indica) |
quills |
acupuncture |
male luinche-bird |
feathers |
in bas / [Kirati] pohnhat (‘bamboo pipe’) |
|
titepati = mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) |
on altar |
||
201-2 |
amlisau / amriso (Thysandaena maxima) |
against witches |
|
202 |
[Nepali] rato phul (‘red flower’) / [Tamang] deu nigalo (‘divine bamboo’) = Lobelia pyramidis |
[on altar (p. 202)] |
|
worm-plant (Chenopodium ambrodioides) |
|||
kanika phul (‘fox-flower’) = elder (Sambucus canadensis) |
flowers |
on altar |
|
banana-bush (Musa paradisiaca) |
"world tree" |
||
203 |
totalaka (Oroxylum indicum) |
seeds |
to mark the 4 directions |
p. 205 prognostic signs of praeternatural lights seen by jhankri in s`ila-dhunga (quartz)
light |
prognostic |
green |
curable |
red ("red cross", p. 206) |
incurable |
flowing |
cure, the "way out" |
fluttering, flashing |
pursued by witch |
p. 225 plant-seeds for 108-bead necklaces
p. |
plant |
224 |
rudra-aks.a = Elaeocarpus sphaericus |
225 |
rittha "soapnut" = Sapindus mukorossi |
pp. 225-226 the 13 birds
Kirati name |
common name |
Latin name |
danphe |
black-headed tragopan |
Tragopan melanocephalus |
munal |
Himalayan monal (9-colored pheasant, p. 234) |
(Lophophorus impejanus, p. 234) |
kalij |
wild-chicken |
Gallus sonneratii |
mayura |
peafowl |
Pavo cristatus |
luinc^e |
chicken |
Gallus gallus |
mawa |
small black riverine bird |
Myiophoheus caeruleus |
piura |
wild dove |
|
koel |
[Indian canary] |
Eudynamys scolopacea |
dhanes`a (?) |
great pied hornbill |
Buceros bicornis |
garud.a |
||
besare |
baj |
Haliastur indus |
jhiwa |
Copsychus saularis |
|
kag |
raven / crow |
Corvus |
pp. 229-230 divinations
p. |
divination |
method |
result |
229 |
"With rice kernels, |
the numbers determine the answer : |
even (= yes) or odd (= no). |
With ginger, |
the answer is dependent upon whether or not the piece that is cut off falls with the cut side facing |
up (= yes), or down (= no)." |
|
230 |
"The egg |
which has been cracked open ... shows the shaman whether or not he will be able to extract the disease". |
p. 230 "the Dhami Jhankri is able to recognize ... seeds of disease ... in the patient, ... pulling them out of the patient. In order ... to pull negative energy out of his body, the jhankris stroke the patient’s body with the egg. This method can also be observed among the brujos in Central and South America".
p. 234 animal-spirits
tribe |
animal |
Cettri |
monkey |
Gurung |
sheep |
Kirati |
snake; wolf |
Magar |
swine |
Newar |
duck; frog |
Tamang |
horse |
Sherpa |
yak |
p. 234 meat-prohibitions
tribe |
meat-prohibitions |
Gubaju |
swine; oxen |
Gurung |
swine |
Kirati |
goats |
S`akya (Newari caste) |
buffalo |
Sherpa |
swine; buffalo |
Tamang |
swine |
p. 235 successive races of humanity
ord.# |
made of __ |
1st |
gold |
2nd |
silver |
3rd |
chicken-excrement |
3rd race was resuscitated with twig of amala-tree, brought by white-feathered kakhuti (raven), which, their feathers blackened with soot, now foretell as their reward
p. 242 metals of the cardinal directions
metal |
Newari name |
direction |
gold |
lu |
center |
silver |
wah |
east |
bronze |
keh |
south |
iron |
na |
north |
brass |
li |
west |
Claudia Mu:ller-Ebeling; Christian Ra:tsch; Surendra Bahadur Shahi : Shamanism and Tantra in the Himalayas. Translated from the German by Annabel Lee. Inner Traditions, Rochester (VT), 2002.